GENE MTHFR C677T (rs1801133) E SUSCETIBILIDADE AO TRANSTORNO DO ESPECTRO AUTISTA (TEA)
Resumo
O Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA) é uma condição complexa que provavelmente é causada por uma combinação de fatores genéticos, ambientais e bioquímicos. Objetivo: Potencial associação entre o gene MTHFR C677T (rs1801133) e o TEA e a regulação da expressão gênica. Estudos demonstraram resultados positivos com a utilização de suplementos como as vitaminas do complexo B, especialmente o ácido fólico, vitaminas A, C e E, e ainda o consumo de uma dieta a base de frutas, legumes , verduras, cereais e gorduras insaturadas. Metodologia: Revisão da literatura científica em bases de dados públicas sobre o assunto abordado. Resultados: Estudos têm investigado a possível relação entre polimorfismos no gene MTHFR C677T e o risco de TEA. Esses polimorfismos reduzem a atividade enzimática do MTHFR, que é importante para a metilação do DNA. A suplementação de ácido fólico durante a gravidez tem se mostrado eficaz tanto na redução do risco de TEA nos descendentes, quanto na melhoria dos sintomas e comportamentos associados ao transtorno. Além disso, outros nutrientes importantes na síntese do folato, como as vitaminas B12, B6, colina e antioxidantes, também devem ser considerados. Conclusões: A variante genética T é comum na população geral, sendo uma maior porcentagem em heterozigotos. A associação entre a variante MTHFR C677T (rs1801133) e o TEA sugere benefícios da suplementação com ácido fólico, vitaminas do complexo B, A, C e E, bem como uma dieta rica em frutas, vegetais, cereais integrais e gorduras. É importante também considerar outras enzimas como a CBS, COMT, MTRR e BHMT.
Biografia do Autor
Centro Universitário das Faculdades Metropolitanas Unidas (FMU).
Nutricionista pela Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas, especialista em Nutrição, Saúde e Qualidade de Vida pela Unicamp, mestre e doutora em Ciências pela Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP. Professora do Curso de Nutrição no Centro Universitário das Faculdades Metropolitanas Unidas (FMU).
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