EVALUACIÓN HISTOLÓGICA DE HERIDAS CUTÁNEAS EN RATAS SOMETIDAS A FOTOBIOMODULACIÓN LÁSER Y OZONOTERAPIA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47820/recima21.v7i3.7325Palabras clave:
Cicatrización de Heridas. Terapia por Luz de Baja Intensidad. Ozonoterapía. Colágeno. Inflamación.Resumen
Las terapias biomoduladoras han sido cada vez más empleadas en el ámbito de la salud para estimular la reparación tisular. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar comparativamente los efectos de la fotobiomodulación láser, el ozono gaseoso y el aceite ozonizado sobre la reparación tisular, mediante el análisis histológico de heridas cutáneas en ratas. Cuarenta ratas Wistar fueron asignadas aleatoriamente en cuatro grupos (n=10): Grupo Control (GC), Grupo Láser (GL), Grupo Gas Ozono (GGO) y Grupo Aceite Ozonizado (GOO). Se realizaron heridas cutáneas estandarizadas en el dorso de los animales, y los tratamientos se aplicaron durante tres días consecutivos. A los 5 y 10 días postoperatorios, cinco animales de cada grupo fueron sometidos a eutanasia y se recolectaron muestras del área lesionada para procesamiento histológico y tinción con hematoxilina-eosina y rojo Sirius. A partir de cinco micrografías por sección histológica, se evaluaron la celularidad del tejido de granulación, la expresión de colágeno y la densidad vascular. El nivel de significancia fue p<0,05. A los 10 días, se observó un aumento de la celularidad del tejido de granulación en todos los grupos, excepto en el GGO (p=0,043). Se identificó una diferencia significativa en la organización del colágeno entre GC y GL en el día 5 (p=0,012). La densidad vascular fue mayor en el GOO en los días 5 (p=0,045) y 10 (p=0,004). El ozono gaseoso atenuó el proceso inflamatorio crónico, mientras que el aceite ozonizado promovió mayor vascularización. El grupo sometido a fotobiomodulación presentó mejor organización del colágeno.
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