RELACIÓN ENTRE EL SÍNDROME DE OVARIO POLIQUÍSTICO (SOP) Y LA MICROBIOTA INTESTINAL – NUEVOS HALLAZGOS
Resumen
El Síndrome de Ovario Poliquístico (SOP) es una endocrinopatía prevalente, asociada a alteraciones metabólicas, hormonales e inflamatorias, cuya fisiopatología aún no está completamente elucidada. Evidencias recientes sugieren que la microbiota intestinal desempeña un papel relevante en este contexto. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo sintetizar críticamente las evidencias acerca de la relación entre la microbiota intestinal y el SOP, considerando mecanismos metabólicos, inflamatorios y hormonales. Se trata de una revisión integradora de la literatura, de carácter cualitativo, realizada en las bases de datos PubMed, SciELO y Biblioteca Virtual en Salud. Se incluyeron estudios publicados en los últimos diez años, en inglés, portugués y español, que abordaran la interacción entre microbiota intestinal y SOP. Tras la aplicación de los criterios de elegibilidad, se analizaron 22 estudios. Los resultados evidenciaron que las mujeres con SOP presentan disbiosis intestinal, caracterizada por reducción de la diversidad microbiana y aumento de bacterias proinflamatorias. Este desequilibrio está asociado con una mayor permeabilidad intestinal, endotoxemia por lipopolisacáridos, inflamación crónica de bajo grado y resistencia a la insulina, contribuyendo al hiperandrogenismo. Además, alteraciones en metabolitos como los ácidos grasos de cadena corta, los ácidos biliares y citocinas como la IL-22 demostraron un impacto directo en la homeostasis metabólica y la función ovárica.
Biografía del autor/a
Médica. Universidade Nove de Julho, Guarulhos-SP, Brasil.
Médica. Centro Universitário Barão de Mauá, Ribeirão Preto-SP, Brasil.
Estudiante de Medicina. Universidade Nove de Julho, São Paulo-SP, Brasil.
Estudiante de Medicina. Universidade Nove de Julho, São Paulo-SP, Brasil.
Estudiante de Medicina. Universidade Nove de Julho, São Paulo-SP, Brasil.
Estudiante de Medicina. Universidade Nove de Julho, São Paulo-SP, Brasil.
Estudiante de Medicina. Universidade Nove de Julho, São Paulo-SP, Brasil.
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