MAPEO DE LA EVIDENCIA Y LAS PERSPECTIVAS DE LA ENFERMERÍA SOBRE EL USO PROBLEMÁTICO DE INTERNET ENTRE ESTUDIANTES UNIVERSITARIOS: REVISIÓN DE SCOPE
Resumen
El uso problemático de Internet se manifiesta en el contexto de una sociedad en rápida digitalización, evidenciada por la casi universalización del acceso. Sin embargo, esta expansión conlleva riesgos para la salud pública, con el UPI alcanzando proporciones críticas entre estudiantes universitarios, registrando una prevalencia de hasta el 31,0%, lo que señala una crisis instalada. Mapear las evidencias científicas disponibles sobre el uso problemático o excesivo de Internet, identificando su prevalencia, factores asociados y las principales consecuencias para la salud y el rendimiento académico de estudiantes universitarios. Revisión de alcance realizada conforme a las recomendaciones del JBI y las directrices PRISMA-ScR, bajo el identificador DOI: 10.17605/OSF.IO/6MS8E. La estrategia utilizó el mnemónico PCC (P: estudiantes universitarios; C: uso problemático o excesivo de Internet; C: salud mental y rendimiento académico). La búsqueda inicial identificó 3.254 estudios, con 222 duplicados eliminados. Tras el cribado de títulos y resúmenes, 2.971 no cumplían el objetivo y, después de la lectura completa, 11 no respondieron a la pregunta de investigación y 19 eran inaccesibles, totalizando 31 estudios incluidos. El perfil de riesgo está compuesto por jóvenes universitarios, con mayor vulnerabilidad en el sexo femenino. El UPI se considera un fenómeno bidireccional fuertemente asociado a factores psicológicos (ansiedad, depresión y estrés), que resulta en perjuicios académicos, trastornos del sueño y sufrimiento psíquico. Ante esto, se recomiendan estrategias como la TCC-DI y la psicoeducación para la prevención y el manejo del uso problemático.
Biografía del autor/a
Licenciado en Enfermería por el Centro Universitario UNIFACISA, Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brasil.
Doctor en Enfermería por la Universidad de Pernambuco (UPE), Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil.
Maestranda en Salud Pública por la Universidad Estatal de Paraíba (UEPB), Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brasil.
Maestro en Enfermería por la Universidad de Pernambuco (UPE), Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil.
Licenciado en Enfermería por el Centro Universitario UNIFACISA, Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brasil.
Doctora en Enfermería por la Universidad de Pernambuco (UPE), Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil.
Doctorando en Ciencias de la Nutrición por la Universidad Federal de Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brasil.
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