UPDATE ON EARLY BIOMARKERS OF MYOCARDIAL ACUTE INFARCTION AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP WITH CARDIAC TROPONIN: A LITERATURE REVIEW
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47820/recima21.v5i8.5497Keywords:
Acute coronary syndrome, sensitivity and specificity of biomarkers, myocardial ischemia, early diagnosis MAIAbstract
Background: Cardiovascular diseases are responsible for almost half of all deaths worldwide, therefore being the most common causes of death and, therefore, attention should be paid to this type of clinical manifestation, as around 10% of patients who report chest pain upon arrival at the emergency room are diagnosed with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Objective: This study aimed to analyze the main previous biomarkers of acute myocardial infarction, in order to highlight the best diagnosis of this emergency condition. Methodology: This is a Descriptive Literature Review, carried out using the Capes Portal database. The descriptors used were: [hypertensive adult] AND [new biomarkers] AND [sensitivity] OR [specificity] AND [early diagnosis] AND [acute myocardial infarction]. Result: Troponin requires repeated measurements for a concise diagnosis; CK-MB presented sensitivity close to 40% and specificity of 90%; copeptin reaches peak plasma levels 0 to 1 hour after symptom onset. The miRNA had a specificity of 82% and a sensitivity of 78%. Myoglobin presented low specificity and high sensitivity, which is not conducive to good diagnosis. Neutrophils and plasma cells migrate to the ischemic area. Albumin and H-FABP showed high sensitivity and specificity. Conclusion: The biochemical markers of infarction analyzed in this review, troponin, CK-MB, copeptin, miRNA, H-FABP, Myo, neutrophils and plasma cells, and albumin, did not obtain an excellent diagnostic parameter when analyzed separately, however, it was observed that the correlation of indicators improves the prognosis of AMI.
Downloads
References
Tilea I, Varga A, Serban RC. Past, present, and future of blood biomarkers for the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction-promises and challenges. Diagnostics (Basel). 2021 May 15;11(5):881. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11050881
Shi C, Xie H, Ma Y, Yang Z, Zhang J. Nanoscale technologies in highly sensitive diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases. Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2020 Jun 5:8:531. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2020.00531
Tscherny K, Kienbacher C, Fuhrmann V , Schreiber W, Herkner H1, Roth D. Early identification of patients with chest pain at very low risk of acute myocardial infarction using clinical information and ECG only. Int J Clin Pract. 2020 Aug;74(8):e13526. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/ijcp.13526
Lavallaz JDFD, Prepoudis A, Wendebourg MJ, Kesenheimer, Kyburz D, Daikeler T et al. Skeletal muscle disorders: a noncardiac source of cardiac troponin T. Circulation. 2022 Jun 14;145(24):1764-1779.
Yang Y, Gao S, Fang Q, Yang J. Diagnostic value of Copeptin combined with hypersensitive cardiac troponin T detection in early acute myocardial infarction: a protocol of randomized double-blind diagnostic trial. Medicine (Baltimore). 2021 Jan 8;100(1):e23949. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000023949
Hua Sun J, Kum Liu X, Wei Xing X, Yang Y, Xuan HH, Fu BB. Value of Cardiac Troponin, Myoglobin Combined with Heart-type Fatty Acid-binding Protein Detection in Diagnosis of Early Acute Myocardial Infarction. Pak J Med Sci. 2023 Nov-Dec;39(6):1690-1694. DOI: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.6.7101
Jeong JH, Seo YH, Ahn JY, Kim KH; Seo JY; Chun, KY et al. Performance of copeptin for early diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction in an emergency department setting. Ann Lab Med. 2020 Jan;40(1):7-14. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3343/alm.2020.40.1.7
Chaulin A. Cardiac troponins: contemporary biological data and new methods of determination. Vasc Health Risk Manag. 2021 Jun 3:17:299-316. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2147/VHRM.S300002
Lee CC, Huang SS, Yeo YH, Hou, YT, Park JY, Inoue K, Hsu WT. High-sensitivity-cardiac troponin for accelerated diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Emerg Med. 2020 Jul;38(7):1402-1407. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2019.11.035
Chaulin AM. Cardiac troponins: current information on the main analytical characteristics of determination methods and new diagnostic possibilities. Medwave. 2021 Dec 10;21(11):e8498. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5867/medwave.2021.11.002132
Westwood ME, Armstrong N, Worthy G, Fayter D, Ramaekers BLT, Grimm S et al. Optimizing the use of high-sensitivity troponin assays for the early rule-out of myocardial infarction in patients presenting with chest pain: a systematic review. Clin Chem. 2021 Jan 8;67(1):237-244. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/hvaa280
Szarpak L, Lapinski M, Gasecka A, Pruc M, Drela WL, Koda M, et al. Performance of Copeptin for Early Diagnosis of Acute Coronary Syndromes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of 14,139 Patients. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis. 2021 Dec 27;9(1):6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/jcdd9010006
De Jongh FW, Pouwels S, De Jongh MC, Dubois EA, Schaik RHNV. The Predictive Power of the 14–51 Ng/L High Sensitive Troponin T (hsTnT) Values for Predicting Cardiac Revascularization in a Clinical Setting. J Clin Med. 2022 Dec 1;11(23):7147. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11237147
Mi X, Li H, Tu Y. An Aptamer Biosensing Strategy for Label-Free Assay of Dual Acute Myocardial Infarction Biomarkers Built upon AuNPs/Ti3C2-MXenes. Chemosensors 2023;11(3):157. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors11030157
Kulshrestha MR, Raj A, Tiwari V, Chandra S, Tiwari BC, Jha A. Evaluation of dual marker approach using heart-type fatty acid binding protein and high sensitivity troponin-I as an alternative to serial sampling for diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction. EJIFCC. 2022 Apr 11;33(1):43-55.
Kim KS, Suh GJ, Song SH, Jung YS, Kim T, Shin SM, et al. Copeptin with high-sensitivity troponin at presentation is not inferior to serial troponin measurements for ruling out acute myocardial infarction. Clin Exp Emerg Med. 2020 Mar;7(1):35-42. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15441/ceem.19.013
Lalitha SS, Sankar A, Purushothaman G, Sridevi C. Diagnostic Accuracy of Heart-type Fatty Acid Binding Protein for the Detection of Acute Myocardial Infarction among South Indian Population: A Cross-sectional Study. National Journal of Laboratory Medicine, 2023 Jan;12(1):BO17-BO19 DOI: https://doi.org/10.7860/NJLM/2023/58374.2659
Hu C, Ma L, Guan M, Mi F, Peng F, Guo C, et al. SERS-based magnetic immunoassay for simultaneous detection of cTnI and H-FABP using core–shell nanotags. Analytical Methods, 2020 Dec 7;12(45):5442-5449. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/D0AY01564D
Hinton J, Mariathas M, Gabara L, Nicholas Z, Allan R, Ramamoorthy S, et al. Distribution of contemporary sensitivity troponin in the emergency department and relationship to 30-day mortality: The CHARIOT-ED substudy. Clinical Medicine, 2020 Nov;20(6):528-534. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7861/clinmed.2020-0267
Habib, SMS, Khan AR, Habib S, Ullah SZ, Sultana R, Tariq QD, et al. Role of heart fatty acid binding protein in early detection of non ST-elevation myocardial infarct and its comparison with other cardiac markers. JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association, 2021 Jan;71(1(B)):233-238. DOI: https://doi.org/10.47391/JPMA.270
Wang B, Li Y, Hao X, Yang J, Han X, Li T et al. Comparison of the clinical value of miRNAs and conventional biomarkers in AMI: a systematic review. Frontiers in genetics, 2021 Jun 17:12:668324. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2021.668324
Mansouri F, Mohammadzad MHS. Molecular miR-19a in acute myocardial infarction: novel potential indicators of prognosis and early diagnosis. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention: APJCP. Apr. 2020;21(4):975. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31557/APJCP.2020.21.4.975
Chen L, Bai J, Liu J, Lu H, Zheng K. A four-microRNA panel in peripheral blood identified as an early biomarker to diagnose acute myocardial infarction. Frontiers in Physiology, 2021 Jul 7:12:669590. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2021.669590
Pan X, He Y, Chen Z, Yan G, Ma G. Circulating miR-130 is a potential bio signature for early prognosis of acute myocardial infarction. Journal of Thoracic Disease, 2020 Dec;12(12):7320-7325. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21037/jtd-20-3207
Wang J, Xu L, Tian L, Sun Q. Circulating microRNA-208 family as early diagnostic biomarkers for acute myocardial infarction: A meta-analysis. Medicine, 2021 Dec 23;100(51):e27779. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000027779
Bobusoglu O, Balci S, Gundes A, Camsari A, Tamer L. Investigation into miRNA profile in patient groups with and without ST elevation. Turkish Journal of Biochemistry, 2023;48(2):203–208. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/tjb-2021-0282
Almandlawi SG, Ali AM. The efficiency of cardiac biomarkers in the identification of patients with acute coronary syndrome. Zanco Journal of Medical Sciences (Zanco J Med Sci), 2020 Aug;24(2). DOI: https://doi.org/10.15218/zjms.2020.020
Wang L, Wu M, Ma J, Ma Z, Liang J, Tao N, et al. Development of a point-of-care test based on selenium nanoparticles for heart-type fatty acid-binding proteins in human plasma and blood. International Journal of Nanomedicine, 2022 Mar 22:17:1273-1284. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2147/IJN.S359541
John RV, Devasiya T, Nidheesh VR, Adigal S, Lukose J, Kartha VB, Chidangil S. Cardiovascular biomarkers in body fluids: progress and prospects in optical sensors. Biophysical Reviews, 2022 Aug 18;14(4):1023-1050. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12551-022-00990-2
Chiesa M, Piacentini L, Bono E, Milazzo V, Campodonico J, Marenzi G, Colombo GI. Whole blood transcriptome profile at hospital admission discriminates between patients with ST-segment elevation and non-ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction. Scientific Reports, 2020 May 26;10(1):8731. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-65527-7
Guclu K, Celik M. Prognostic value of inflammation parameters in patients with non-ST elevation acute coronary syndromes. Angiology, 2020 Oct;71(9):825-830. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0003319720936500
Özbiçer S, Kalkan GY, Urgun OD, Neselioglu S, Erel O. Ischemia modified albumin levels in distinguishing NSTEMI patients from non-ischemic controls and correlation with disease severity. Cukurova Medical Journal, 2021 Dec;46(4):1566-1573. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17826/cumj.976875
Downloads
Published
License
Copyright (c) 2024 RECIMA21 - Revista Científica Multidisciplinar - ISSN 2675-6218
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Os direitos autorais dos artigos/resenhas/TCCs publicados pertecem à revista RECIMA21, e seguem o padrão Creative Commons (CC BY 4.0), permitindo a cópia ou reprodução, desde que cite a fonte e respeite os direitos dos autores e contenham menção aos mesmos nos créditos. Toda e qualquer obra publicada na revista, seu conteúdo é de responsabilidade dos autores, cabendo a RECIMA21 apenas ser o veículo de divulgação, seguindo os padrões nacionais e internacionais de publicação.
