ANAPHYLAXIS IN CHILDREN: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47820/recima21.v5i2.4798Keywords:
Anaphylaxis. Hypersensitivity reaction. Allergens. Children.Abstract
Anaphylaxis is a potentially fatal acute multisystem hypersensitivity reaction. Despite its common occurrence, data on its epidemiology and characteristics remain limited. Diagnosis is predominantly clinical. The management of anaphylaxis begins with the assessment of airways, breathing, and circulation, with epinephrine being the drug of choice. This study employed a qualitative and descriptive approach in the format of a systematic literature review. The PRISMA diagram was applied, resulting in the analysis of 14 articles categorized into concept, terminology, epidemiology, physiopathology, classification, causes and triggering factors, diagnosis, prevention, health education, and management. Anaphylaxis was defined as a severe allergic, generalized, or hypersensitivity reaction that can be fatal. Epidemiology did not follow a distinct pattern. Triggers for anaphylaxis depend on age and geographical area. In up to 35% of cases, a specific trigger may not be identified. Cow's milk, eggs, peanuts, nuts, sesame, and wheat are the most common causes of anaphylaxis in infants and young children. Medications are a cause of anaphylaxis in school-age children and adolescents. The skin/mucosa is the most involved system in anaphylaxis. It is the duty of healthcare professionals to educate patients and/or caregivers on diagnostic criteria, prevention of potential triggers, and treatments. Epinephrine (adrenaline) is the first-line medication. In conclusion, there is still difficulty in recognition due to the variability of diagnostic criteria, highlighting the need for standardized diagnoses. Aspects related to prevention and health education should be emphasized. There is a necessity to establish large databases/registries on the disease.
Downloads
References
- Cardona V, Ansotegui IJ, Ebisawa M, El-Gamal Y, Fernandez Rivas M, Fineman S et al. World allergy organization anaphylaxis guidance 2020. World Allergy Organ J. 2020 Oct 30;13(10):100472. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100472
- De Filippo M, Votto M, Albini M, Castagnoli R, De Amici M, Marseglia A, Pizzo A, Marseglia GL, Licari A. Pediatric Anaphylaxis: A 20-Year Retrospective Analysis. J Clin Med. 2022 Sep 7;11(18):5285. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11185285
- Fustiñana AL, Rino PB, Kohn-Loncarica GA. Detection and management of Anaphylaxis in children. Rev Chil Pediatr. 2019;90(1):44-51. DOI: https://doi.org/10.32641/rchped.v90i1.839
- Sociedade Brasileira de Pediatria (SBP). Guia Prático de Atualização 2021 – Anafilaxia. Departamento Científico de Alergias. 2021 maio 31;6:1-9.
- Dribin TE, Castells M. Anaphylaxis: Data Gaps and Research Needs. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am. 2022 Feb;42(1):187-200. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iac.2021.10.002
- Dribin TE, Sampson HA, Camargo CA Jr, Brousseau DC, Spergel JM, Neuman MI, et al. Persistent, refractory, and biphasic anaphylaxis: A multidisciplinary Delphi study. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2020 Nov;146(5):1089-1096. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2020.08.015
- Wang Y, Allen KJ, Suaini NHA, McWilliam V, Peters RL, Koplin JJ. The global incidence and prevalence of anaphylaxis in children in the general population: A systematic review. Allergy. 2019 Jun;74(6):1063-1080. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/all.13732
- Ahanchian H, Behmanesh F, Azad FJ, Ansari E, Khoshkhui M, Farid R, et al. A survey of anaphylaxis etiology and treatment. Med Gas Res. 2018;8(4):129. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/2045-9912.248262
- Dribin TE, Motosue MS, Campbell RL. Overview of Allergy and Anaphylaxis. Emerg Med Clin North Am. 2022 Feb;40(1):1-17. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emc.2021.08.007
- Başkaya N, Ertuğrul A, Esenboğa S, Özmen S. Different age groups present different clinics in anaphylaxis with children: one size does not fit all children. Turk J Med Sci. 2023 Apr;53(2):495-503. DOI: https://doi.org/10.55730/1300-0144.5609
- Cardenas-Morales M, Hernandez-Trujillo V. Infant Anaphylaxis: A Diagnostic Challenge. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep. 2021 Feb 23;21(2):12. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11882-021-00990-4
- Greenhawt M, Gupta RS, Meadows JA, Pistiner M, Spergel JM, Camargo CA Jr, et al. Guiding Principles for the Recognition, Diagnosis, and Management of Infants with Anaphylaxis: An Expert Panel Consensus. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2019 Apr;7(4):1148-1156.e5. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaip.2018.10.052
- Lieberman PL. Recognition and First-Line Treatment of Anaphylaxis. The American Journal of Medicine. 2014 Jan;127(1):S6–11. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjmed.2013.09.008
- Clark E, Kase Tanno L, Vo T, Blanc B, Demoly P, Caimmi D. Anaphylaxis management in a French pediatric emergency department: Lessons from the ANA-PED study. Clin Transl Allergy. 2023 Aug;13(8):e12289. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/clt2.12289
- Patel N, Chong KW, Yip AYG, Ierodiakonou D, Bartra J, Boyle RJ, Turner PJ. Use of multiple epinephrine doses in anaphylaxis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2021 Nov;148(5):1307-1315. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2021.03.042
- Lin YY, Chang HA, Kao YH, Chuu CP, Chiang WF, Chang YC, et al. Investigation of the underuse of adrenaline (epinephrine) and prognosis among patients with anaphylaxis at emergency department admission. Front Med (Lausanne). 2023 Jul 7;10:1163817. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2023.1163817
- Rahman S, Elliott SA, Scott SD, Hartling L. Children at risk of anaphylaxis: A mixed-studies systematic review of parents' experiences and information needs. PEC Innov. 2022 Jan 21;1:100018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pecinn.2022.100018
- Faculdade de Ciências Agrônomas UNESP. Tipos de revisão de literatura. Bocatu; 2015 p. 1–9.
- Davies KS. Formulating the evidence based practice questions: a review of the frameworks. EBLIP. 2011 Jun 24;6(2):75-80. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18438/B8WS5N
- Santos CMC, Pimenta CAM, Nobre MR. The PICO strategy for the research question construction and evidence search. Rev Lat Am Enfermagem. 2007 May-Jun;15(3):508-11. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0104-11692007000300023
- Borges JRA. Metodologia de análise de dados na pesquisa qualitativa: a análise de conteúdo. Revista GeTeC. 2020;9(24):123-4
- Moher D, Liberati A, Altman D. Principais itens para relatar Revisões sistemáticas e Meta-análises: A recomendação PRISMA. Epidemiologia e Serviços de Saúde. 2015 Jun;24(2):335–42. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5123/S1679-49742015000200017
- Miller RL, Shtessel M, Robinson LB, Banerji A. Advances in drug allergy, urticaria, angioedema, and anaphylaxis in 2018. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2019 Aug;144(2):381-392. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2019.06.010
- Ricci G, Andreozzi L, Cipriani F, Giannetti A, Gallucci M, Caffarelli C. Wheat Allergy in Children: A Comprehensive Update. Medicina (Kaunas). 2019 Jul 23;55(7):400. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina55070400
- Ensina LF, Min TK, Félix MMR, de Alcântara CT, Costa C. Acute Urticaria and Anaphylaxis: Differences and Similarities in Clinical Management. Front Allergy. 2022 Apr 15;3:840999. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/falgy.2022.840999
- Li X, Ma Q, Yin J, Zheng Y, Chen R, Chen Y, et al. A Clinical Practice Guideline for the Emergency Management of Anaphylaxis (2020). Front Pharmacol. 2022 Mar 28;13:845689. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2022.845689
- Brockow K, Plata-Nazar K, Lange M, Nedoszytko B, Niedoszytko M, Valent P. Mediator-Related Symptoms and Anaphylaxis in Children with Mastocytosis. Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Mar;22(5):2684. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22052684
- Tanno LK, Bierrenbach AL, Simons FER, Cardona V, Thong BY, Molinari N, et al. Critical view of anaphylaxis epidemiology: open questions and new perspectives. Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol. 2018 Apr 4;14:12. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13223-018-0234-0
- Pyrpyris N, Kritikou M, Aggelidis X, Manolaraki I, Makris M, Papadopoulos NG, et al. Anaphylaxis in Children and Adolescents: Greek Data Analysis from the European Anaphylaxis Registry (NORA). J Pers Med. 2022 Sep 30;12(10):1614. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm12101614
- Uppala R, Phungoen P, Mairiang D, Chaiyarit J, Techasatian L. Pediatric Anaphylaxis: Etiology and Predictive Factors in an Emergency Setting. Glob Pediatr Health. 2021 Apr 29;8:2333794X211011301. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/2333794X211011301
- Nunes FA, Zanini F, Braga CS, da Silva AL, Fernandes FR, Solé D, et al. Incidence, triggering factors, symptoms, and treatment of anaphylaxis in a pediatric hospital. World Allergy Organ J. 2022 Aug 21;15(9):100689. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.waojou.2022.100689
- Anagnostou K, Turner PJ. Myths, facts and controversies in the diagnosis and management of anaphylaxis. Arch Dis Child. 2018 Jun 16;104(1):83–90. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2018-314867
- Ikegawa K, Morikawa E, Nigo A, Hataya H, Akasawa A. Epidemiology of anaphylaxis and biphasic reaction in Japanese children. Acute Med Surg. 2021 Jul 23;8(1):e688. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ams2.688
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
License
Copyright (c) 2024 RECIMA21 - Revista Científica Multidisciplinar - ISSN 2675-6218
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Os direitos autorais dos artigos/resenhas/TCCs publicados pertecem à revista RECIMA21, e seguem o padrão Creative Commons (CC BY 4.0), permitindo a cópia ou reprodução, desde que cite a fonte e respeite os direitos dos autores e contenham menção aos mesmos nos créditos. Toda e qualquer obra publicada na revista, seu conteúdo é de responsabilidade dos autores, cabendo a RECIMA21 apenas ser o veículo de divulgação, seguindo os padrões nacionais e internacionais de publicação.
