PATHOPHYSIOLOGY AND THERAPEUTIC APPROACHES TO SCHIZOPHRENIA: A LITERATURE REVIEW
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47820/recima21.v5i6.5312Keywords:
Schizophrenia. Pathophysiology. Therapeutic approaches. Treatment and neurobiology.Abstract
Schizophrenia is a chronic mental disorder that affects approximately 1% of the world's population, characterized by disturbances in thought, perception and behavior. This study aims to explore the pathophysiology and therapeutic approaches to schizophrenia, based on recent scientific literature. Objective: This literature review aims to synthesize the current evidence on the pathophysiology and therapeutic strategies of schizophrenia. Methods: A systematic search of scientific literature published between 2004 and 2024 was carried out using the PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and Google Scholar databases. Original studies and reviews in English, Portuguese and Spanish were included. The initial screening identified 770 studies, of which 28 were analyzed in detail. Results and Discussion: The review highlighted structural and functional abnormalities in the brains of patients with schizophrenia, including reduced hippocampus volume and dopaminergic dysfunction. Genetic and epigenetic studies suggest a complex interaction between genetic and environmental factors. Early interventions, especially during the first psychotic episode, have been shown to significantly improve long-term outcomes. Antipsychotics remain the mainstay of treatment, although psychosocial therapies and neuromodulation techniques such as rTMS and tDCS are emerging as promising adjuncts. Conclusion: Schizophrenia requires a multifaceted and integrated approach for its effective management. Advances in neuroimaging, genetics and emerging therapies offer new hope for more effective treatments. Continued research and innovation are essential to address the challenges of this complex disease and improve outcomes for patients.
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