TRAUMAS NA INFÂNCIA E NA ADOLESCÊNCIA: IMPACTOS PROFUNDOS NO DESENVOLVIMENTO AO LONGO DA VIDA - UMA REVISÃO DA LITERATURA SOBRE O TEPT NA PERSPECTIVA EPIGENÉTICA
Resumo
Este artigo aborda a importância crítica da infância e adolescência no desenvolvimento humano, destacando como esses períodos influenciam a maturação cerebral e o crescimento emocional. As transformações intensas nessa fase, tanto estruturais quanto funcionais do cérebro, são moldadas por interações complexas entre fatores genéticos e ambientais.É evidente que eventos traumáticos durante a infância, como maus-tratos, podem deixar marcas profundas no desenvolvimento neurológico e psicológico, aumentando o risco de transtornos mentais, incluindo o Transtorno do Estresse Pós-Traumático (TEPT). Esses traumas não só afetam o bem-estar emocional imediato, mas também podem alterar a expressão gênica por meio de mecanismos epigenéticos, como a metilação do DNA. A epigenética emergiu como um campo crucial para entender como experiências adversas na infância podem impactar a saúde ao longo da vida. Mudanças na metilação do DNA e outros processos epigenéticos têm sido associados a diferenças na regulação gênica relacionada ao estresse e à resposta emocional. Esses insights não apenas elucidam os mecanismos biológicos subjacentes aos transtornos psiquiátricos, mas também fornecem bases para estratégias preventivas e terapêuticas mais eficazes, visando mitigar os efeitos adversos de traumas na infância.Compreender essas interações entre experiências precoces, epigenética e saúde é essencial para desenvolver abordagens holísticas que promovam o bem-estar emocional e neurológico desde a infância até a idade adulta, destacando a necessidade de intervenções sensíveis ao contexto e ao estágio de desenvolvimento do indivíduo.
Biografia do Autor
PUCRS.
Centro Universitário Aparício Carvalho - FIMCA.
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