ANAPHYLAXIS IN CHILDREN: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47820/recima21.v5i2.4798Keywords:
Anaphylaxis. Hypersensitivity reaction. Allergens. Children.Abstract
Anaphylaxis is a potentially fatal acute multisystem hypersensitivity reaction. Despite its common occurrence, data on its epidemiology and characteristics remain limited. Diagnosis is predominantly clinical. The management of anaphylaxis begins with the assessment of airways, breathing, and circulation, with epinephrine being the drug of choice. This study employed a qualitative and descriptive approach in the format of a systematic literature review. The PRISMA diagram was applied, resulting in the analysis of 14 articles categorized into concept, terminology, epidemiology, physiopathology, classification, causes and triggering factors, diagnosis, prevention, health education, and management. Anaphylaxis was defined as a severe allergic, generalized, or hypersensitivity reaction that can be fatal. Epidemiology did not follow a distinct pattern. Triggers for anaphylaxis depend on age and geographical area. In up to 35% of cases, a specific trigger may not be identified. Cow's milk, eggs, peanuts, nuts, sesame, and wheat are the most common causes of anaphylaxis in infants and young children. Medications are a cause of anaphylaxis in school-age children and adolescents. The skin/mucosa is the most involved system in anaphylaxis. It is the duty of healthcare professionals to educate patients and/or caregivers on diagnostic criteria, prevention of potential triggers, and treatments. Epinephrine (adrenaline) is the first-line medication. In conclusion, there is still difficulty in recognition due to the variability of diagnostic criteria, highlighting the need for standardized diagnoses. Aspects related to prevention and health education should be emphasized. There is a necessity to establish large databases/registries on the disease.
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