ABSENCE TYPE EPILEPSY: A BIBLIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW OF PATHOPHYSIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS AND THERAPEUTIC APPROACHES
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47820/recima21.v5i5.5237Keywords:
Epilepsy, Absence, Pathophysiology, TherapeuticsAbstract
Introduction: Absence-type epilepsy is a specific form of generalized epilepsy, characterized by frequent and brief episodes of loss of consciousness, which generally last a few seconds to a minute. Objective: To analyze the pathophysiological mechanisms and therapeutic approaches of absence epilepsy, providing an updated synthesis of the scientific literature. Methodology: This is a bibliographical review, using articles present in the following databases: PubMed, Scopus and SciELO. Original articles and systematic reviews in English and Portuguese published between 2014 and 2024 were included, which addressed pathophysiological mechanisms and therapeutic approaches to absence type epilepsy. After analysis, 29 articles were selected to prepare this bibliographic review. Results and Discussion: The pathophysiological mechanisms of absence epilepsy involve a complex interaction between ion channel dysfunctions, neurochemical dysregulation, changes in neuronal connectivity and genetic factors. Understanding these mechanisms is essential for developing new therapeutic approaches and identifying potential targets for treatment. Therapy is based on a multidisciplinary approach, which includes antiepileptic medications, non-pharmacological interventions, such as the ketogenic diet and vagus nerve stimulation. Conclusion: A holistic and individualized approach is essential for the successful management of absence epilepsy, aiming not only to control seizures, but also to improve the patient's quality of life and global well-being.
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