PRACTICES OF DENTAL AMALGAM DISPOSAL: A SCOPING REVIEW
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47820/recima21.v6i10.6827Palavras-chave:
Dental amalgam. Waste management. Dental Clinics; Medical wasteResumo
Dental amalgam is considered a hazardous dental material, as it can affect both the environment and the health of professionals in the field. This study analyzed dental amalgam disposal practices over the past 10 years (2014–2024). The PRISMA 2020 method and the PubMed database were used, resulting in a final sample of 10 articles suitable for analysis. The knowledge gaps on the subject were organized into three axes: waste disposal and occupational exposure, dental waste management and regional challenges, and the future of sustainable dentistry. Among the factors influencing the choice of material are its durability, low cost, and professional experience. A relevant point identified was the lack of knowledge among professionals regarding the toxicity of amalgam, especially concerning proper disposal and exposure, which are often not carried out adequately.
Downloads
Referências
ANUSAVICE, K. J. Phillips’ Science of Dental Materials. 12th ed. St. Louis: Elsevier, 2013
BATES, M. N. Mercury amalgam dental fillings: An epidemiologic assessment. Int J Hyg Environ Health, v. 209, n. 4, p. 309-316, 2006. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheh.2005.11.006 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheh.2005.11.006
CATALDI, M. E.; Al RAKAYAN, S.; ARCURI, C.; CONDÒ, R. Dental unit wastewater, a current environmental problem: A systematic review. Oral Implantol (Rome), v. 10, n. 4, p. 354-359, 2017. https://doi.org/10.11138/orl/2017.10.4.354 DOI: https://doi.org/10.11138/orl/2017.10.4.354
CHAKRABORTY, S.; SAHA, A. K. Mean aggregation operators for selecting optimal health care waste treatment technology. Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence, v. 119, 105752, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engappai.2022.105752 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engappai.2022.105752
DANAEI, M.; KARIMZADEH, P.; MOMENI, M.; PALENIK, C. J.; NAYEBI, M.; KESHAVARZI, V.; ASKARIAN, M. The management of dental waste in dental offices and clinics in Shiraz, Southern Iran. Int J Occup Environ Med, v. 5, n. 1, p. 18-23, 2014.
DIAZ, L. F.; SAVAGE, G. M.; EGGERTH, L. L. Alternatives for the treatment and disposal of healthcare wastes in developing countries. Waste Management, v. 25, n. 6, p. 626-637, 2005. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2005.01.005. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2005.01.005
JAMIL, N.; BAQAR, M.; ILYAS, S.; QADIR, A.; ARSLAN, M.; SALMAN, M.; AHSAN, N.; ZAHID, H. Use of Mercury in Dental Silver Amalgam: An Occupational and Environmental Assessment. Biomed Res Int, 6126385, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/6126385. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/6126385
JESUS, L. F.; MARINHA, M. S.; MOREIRA, F. R. Amálgama dentário: fonte de contaminação por mercúrio para a Odontologia e para o meio ambiente. Cad. Saúde Colet, v. 18, n. 4, p. 509-15, 2010.
JIRAU-COLÓN, H.; GONZÁLEZ-PARRILLA, L.; MARTINEZ-JIMÉNEZ, J.; ADAM, W.; JIMÉNEZ-VELEZ, B. Rethinking the dental amalgam dilemma: An integrated toxicological approach. Int J Environ Res Public Health, v. 16, n. 6, 1036, 2019. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16061036. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16061036
KHAN, S.; KHALID, N.; BAJWA, O. QAMAR, T.; KAZMI, A.; Tariq, A. Amalgam phase-out, an environmental safety concern: A cross-sectional study among general dental practitioners in Pakistan. East Mediterr Health J, v. 28, n. 1, p. 69-73, 2022. https://doi.org/10.26719/emhj.21.068. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26719/emhj.21.068
MACKEY, T. K.; CONTRERAS, J. T.; LIANG, B. A. The Minamata Convention on Mercury: Attempting to address the global controversy of dental amalgam use and mercury waste disposal. Science of the Total Environment, v. 472, p. 125-129, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.10.115. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.10.115
MAKANJUOLA, J. O.; EKOWMENHENHEN, U. I.; ENONE, L. L.; UMESI, D. C.; OGUNDANA, O. M.; AROTIBA, G. T. Mercury hygiene and biomedical waste management practices among dental healthcare personnel in public hospitals in Lagos State, Nigeria. Afr Health Sci, v. 21, n. 1, p. 457-469, 2021. https://doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v21i1.56. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v21i1.56
MOMENI, H.; TABATABAEI Fard, S. F.; AREFINEJAD, A.; AFZALI, A.; TALEBI, F.; RAHMANPOUR Salmani, E.mComposition, production rate, and management of dental solid waste in 2017 in Birjand, Iran. Int J Occup Environ Med, v. 9, n. 1, p. 52-60, 2018. https://doi.org/10.15171/ijoem.2018.1203. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15171/ijoem.2018.1203
MULLIGAN, S.; KAKONYI, G.; MOHARAMZADEH, K.; et al. The environmental impact of dental amalgam and resin-based composite materials. Br Dent J, v. 224, p. 542-548, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.bdj.2018.229. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.bdj.2018.229
OZBÉK, M.; SANIN, F. D. A study of the dental solid waste produced in a school of dentistry in Turkey. Waste Management, v. 24, n. 4, p. 339-345, 2004. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2003.08.002. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2003.08.002
PAGE, M. J.; MCKENZIE, J. E.; BOSSUYT, P. M.; BOUTRON, I.; HOFFMANN, T. C.; MULROW, C. D.; Moher, D. The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ, v. 372, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n71. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n71
PATIL, A. D.; SHEKDAR, A. V. Health-care waste management in India. Journal of Environmental Management, v. 63, n. 2, p. 211-220, 2001. https://doi.org/10.1006/jema.2001.0453. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1006/jema.2001.0453
RAMESH, K. K.; RAMESH, M.; KRISHNAN, R. Management and disposal of mercury and amalgam in the dental clinics of South India: A cross-sectional study. J Pharm Bioallied Sci, v. 11, Suppl 2, S151-S155, 2019. https://doi.org/10.4103/JPBS.JPBS_280_18. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/JPBS.JPBS_280_18
SANTOS, J. A. et al. Uso atual e futuro do amálgama dental. Oral Sciences, p. 11-17, 2017.
SINGH, R. D.; JUREL, S. K.; TRIPATHI, S.; AGRAWAL, K. K.; KUMARI, R. Mercury and other biomedical waste management practices among dental practitioners in India. Biomed Res Int, 272750, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/272750. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/272750
SJR – SICMAGO JOURNAL & COUNTRY RANK. Country Rankings. SJR, 2025. Available at: https://www.scimagojr.com/countryrank.php?area=3500#google_vignette.
SOOD, A. G.; SOOD, A. Dental perspective on biomedical waste and mercury management: A knowledge, attitude, and practice survey. Indian J Dent Res, v. 22, n. 3, p. 371-375, 2011. https://doi.org/10.4103/0970-9290.87055. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/0970-9290.87055
TAN, R.; NOBLE, M. A. Sharps utilization and disposal in British Columbia physicians' offices. Can J Public Health, v. 84, n. 1, p. 31-34, 1993.
VASTHARE, R.; BALLAL, N. V.; NAYAK, P. P.; KAMATH, P.; SINGLA, N.; HEGDE, T. Community social responsibility of continued and appropriate use of silver amalgam as dental restorative material in southern India: A cross-sectional study. F1000Research, v. 11, 1061, 2022. https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.122690.2. DOI: https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.122690.2
WHO - WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION. Health-care waste. [S. l.]: WHO, 2018. Available at https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/health-care-waste.
ZIA, N.; DOSS, J. G.; JOHN, J.; PANEZAI, J. Sustainability in dentistry: Assessing knowledge, attitude, and practices of dental practitioners about green dentistry. Pak J Med Sci, v. 40, 1Part-I, p. 233-241, 2024. https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.1.7606. DOI: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.1.7606
Downloads
Publicado
Licença
Copyright (c) 2025 RECIMA21 - Revista Científica Multidisciplinar - ISSN 2675-6218

Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Os direitos autorais dos artigos/resenhas/TCCs publicados pertecem à revista RECIMA21, e seguem o padrão Creative Commons (CC BY 4.0), permitindo a cópia ou reprodução, desde que cite a fonte e respeite os direitos dos autores e contenham menção aos mesmos nos créditos. Toda e qualquer obra publicada na revista, seu conteúdo é de responsabilidade dos autores, cabendo a RECIMA21 apenas ser o veículo de divulgação, seguindo os padrões nacionais e internacionais de publicação.