CORRELATION BETWEEN DISABILITY, KINESIOPHOBIA AND CATASTROPHISATION IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC LOW BACK PAIN
Abstract
Introduction: Pain is defined as an “unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with or similarly associated with current or potential tissue damage”. The prevention of the emergence or disability related to low back pain requires the understanding that the degree of disability generated seems to be closely linked to people's psychological, social and economic context. Justification: Currently, the prevalence of chronic pain is increasing every day in Brazil and worldwide, therefore, a study on the subject is necessary. Objectives: This study aimed to test the hypothesis that there is no correlation between the level of disability and psychosocial aspects. Methods: Questionnaires were applied to volunteers over 18 years of age with chronic low back pain. To assess the possible correlation between the scores, Spearman's Correlation Coefficient was used. Results: A total of 156 individuals were evaluated and 84 were included for the analysis and final statistics where means and standard deviations were obtained, as well as the p value. Discussion: With regard to fear of movement and disability, and between kinesiophobia and symptom perception, we obtained a weak correlation. On the other hand, we found a moderate correlation between disability and catastrophizing and between disability and symptom perception. Conclusion: It is concluded that the correlations found were weak or moderate, however, the low values do not completely invalidate the hypothesis that there are influences of psychosocial factors in the functional aspects of individuals with pain.
Author Biography
Centro Universotário Barão de Mauá
References
BEARD, D. J.; REES, J. L.; COOK, J. A.; ROMBACH, I.; COOPER, C.; MERRITT, N.; SHIRKEY, B. A.; DONOVAN, J. L.; GWILYM, S.; SAVULESCU, J.. Arthroscopic subacromial decompression for subacromial shoulder pain (CSAW): a multicentre, pragmatic, parallel group, placebo-controlled, three-group, randomised surgical trial. The Lancet, London, v. 391, n. 10118, p. 329-338, jan. 2018. Disponível em: https://sci-hub.do/10.1016/S0140-6736(17)32457-1 . Acesso em: 22 jun. 2020
BLETZER, J.; GANTZ, S.; VOIGT, T.; NEUBAUER, E.; SCHILTENWOLF, M.. Chronische untere Rückenschmerzen und psychische Komorbidität. Der Schmerz, Berlin, v. 31, n. 2, p. 93-101, 8 ago. 2016. Disponível em: https://sci-hub.do/10.1007/s00482-016-0143-4 Acesso em: 05 out. 2020
BREIVIK, H.; EISENBERG, E.; O’BRIEN, T.. The individual and societal burden of chronic pain in Europe: the case for strategic prioritisation and action to improve knowledge and availability of appropriate care. Bmc Public Health, London, v. 13, n. 1, p. 1-14, dez. 2013.Disponível em: https://sci-hub.do/10.1186/1471-2458-13-1229 Acesso em: 24 jun. 2020.
BUCHBINDER, R.; TULDER, M. V.; ÖBERG, B.; COSTA, L. M.; WOOLF, A.; SCHOENE, M.; CROFT, P.. Low back pain: a call for action. The Lancet, London, v. 391, n. 10137, p. 2384-2388, jun. 2018. Disponível em: https://sci-hub.do/10.1016/S0140-6736(18)30488-4 Acesso em: 24 jun. 2020.
CAVALCANTE-LEÃO, B. L.; STECHMAN-NETO, J.; RAVAZZI, G. M. C.; SANTOS, A. H. de L.; SAMPAIO, R.; ZEIGELBOIM, B. S.. Patients with chronic pain: degree of kinesiophobia related to dance practice. Brazilian Journal Of Pain, São Paulo, v. 1, n. 4, p. 316-319, 17 jul. 2018. Disponível em: https://www.scielo.br/pdf/brjp/v1n4/1806-0013-brjp-01-04-0316.pdf Acesso em: 24 jun. 2020.
CHIMENTI, R. L.; FREY-LAW, L. A.; SLUKA, K. A.. A Mechanism-Based Approach to Physical Therapist Management of Pain. Physical Therapy, Alexandria, v. 98, n. 5, p. 302-314, 16 abr. 2018. Disponível em: https://sci-hub.do/10.1093/ptj/pzy030 Acesso em: 14 jul. 2020.
CROMBEZ, G.; VLAEYEN, J. W.s.; HEUTS, P. H.T.G.; LYSENS, R.. Pain-related fear is more disabling than pain itself: evidence on the role of pain-related fear in chronic back pain disability. Pain, Amsterdam, v. 80, n. 1, p. 329-339, mar. 1999. Disponível em: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10204746/ Acesso em: 02 out. 2020.
CROWNOVER, B. K.; BEPKO, J. L.. Appropriate and Safe Use of Diagnostic Imaging. American Academy Of Family Physicians, Kansas, v. 87, n. 7, p. 494-501, abr. 2013. Disponível em: https://www.aafp.org/afp/2013/0401/p494.pdf Acesso em: 24 jun. 2020.
DUNN, W. R.; KUHN, J. E.; SANDERS, R.; AN, Q.; BAUMGARTEN, K. M.; BISHOP, J. Y.; BROPHY, R. H.; CAREY, J. L.; HOLLOWAY, G. B.; JONES, G. L.. Symptoms of Pain Do Not Correlate with Rotator Cuff Tear Severity. The Journal Of Bone & Joint Surgery, Boston, v. 96, n. 10, p. 793-800, maio 2014. Disponível em: https://sci-hub.do/10.2106/JBJS.L.01304 Acesso em: 24 jun. 2020
ENGEL, G. The clinical application of the biopsychosocial model. American Journal Of Psychiatry, Arlington, v. 137, n. 5, p. 535-544, maio 1980. Disponível em: https://sci-hub.st/10.1176/ajp.137.5.535 Acesso em: 18 jun. 2020.
FERREIRA, K. A.; TEIXEIRA, M. J.; MENDONZA, T. R.; CLEELAND, C. S.. Validation of brief pain inventory to Brazilian patients with pain. Supportive Care In Cancer, Berlin, v. 19, n. 4, p. 505-511, 10 mar. 2010. Disponível em: https://sci-hub.do/10.1007/s00520-010-0844-7 Acesso em: 25 jun. 2020.
FIGUEIREDO FILHO, D. B.; S. JÚNIOR, J. A. da. Desvendando os Mistérios do Coeficiente de Correlação de Pearson (r). Revista Política Hoje, Pernambuco, v. 18, n. 1, p. 115-146, 2009. Disponível em: https://periodicos.ufpe.br/revistas/politicahoje/article/view/3852 Acesso em: 02 out. 2020.
GARBI, M. de O. S. S.; HORTENSE, P.; GOMEZ, R. R. F.; SILVA, T. de C. R. da; CASTANHO, A. C. F.; SOUSA, F. A. E. F.. Pain intensity, disability and depression in individuals with chronic back pain. Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem, São Paulo, v. 22, n. 4, p. 569-575, ago. 2014. Disponível em: https://sci-hub.do/10.1590/0104-1169.3492.2453 Acesso em: 02 out. 2020.
GATCHEL, R. J.; PENG, Y. B.; PETERS, M. L.; FUCHS, P. N.; TURK, D. C.. The biopsychosocial approach to chronic pain: scientific advances and future directions.. Psychological Bulletin, Washington, v. 133, n. 4, p. 581-624, 2007. Disponível em: https://sci-hub.do/10.1037/0033-2909.133.4.581 Acesso em: 17 jun. 2020.
HUNT, M. A.; BIRMINGHAM, T. B.; SKARAKIS-DOYLE, E.; VANDERVOORT, A. A.. Towards a biopsychosocial framework of osteoarthritis of the knee. Disability And Rehabilitation, London, v. 30, n. 1, p. 54-61, jan. 2008. Disponível em: https://sci-hub.do/10.1080/09638280701189960 Acesso em: 18 jul. 2020.
G. JULL. Biopsychosocial model of disease: 40⠥years on. which way is the pendulum swinging?. British Journal Of Sports Medicine, Loughborough, v. 51, n. 16, p. 1187-1188, 6 jan. 2017. Disponível em: https://sci-hub.do/10.1136/bjsports-2016-097362 Acesso em: 24 jun. 2020.
KRELING, M. C. G. D.; CRUZ, D de A. L. M. da; PIMENTA, C A.De M.. Prevalência de dor crônica em adultos. Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem, Brasília, v. 59, n. 4, p. 509-513, ago. 2006. Disponível em: https://www.scielo.br/pdf/reben/v59n4/a07v59n4.pdf Acesso em: 24 jun. 2020.
LOUPASIS, G A.; STAMOS, K; KATONIS, P G.; SAPKAS, G; KORRES, D S.; HARTOFILAKIDIS, G. Seven- to 20-Year Outcome of Lumbar Discectomy. Spine, Hagerstown, v. 24, n. 22, p. 2313-2317, nov. 1999. Disponível em: https://sci-hub.do/10.1097/00007632-199911150-00005 Acesso em: 22 jun. 2020.
LUQUE-SUAREZ, A; FALLA, D; MORALES-ASENCIO, J M.; MARTINEZ-CALDERON, J. Is kinesiophobia and pain catastrophising at baseline associated with chronic pain and disability in whiplash-associated disorders? A systematic review. British Journal Of Sports Medicine, Loughborough, v. 54, n. 15, p. 892-897, 19 jun. 2019. Disponível em: https://sci-hub.do/10.1136/bjsports-2018-099569 Acesso em: 05 out. 2020.
LUQUE-SUAREZ, A; MARTINEZ-CALDERON, J; FALLA, D. Role of kinesiophobia on pain, disability and quality of life in people suffering from chronic musculoskeletal pain: a systematic review. British Journal Of Sports Medicine, Loughborough, v. 53, n. 9, p. 554-559, 17 abr. 2018. Disponível em: https://sci-hub.do/10.1136/bjsports-2017-098673 Acesso em: 5 out. 2020.
MARTINEZ-CALDERON, J; STRUYF, F; MEEUS, M; A LUQUE-SUAREZ,. The association between pain beliefs and pain intensity and/or disability in people with shoulder pain: a systematic review. Musculoskeletal Science And Practice, Amsterdam, v. 37, p. 29-57, out. 2018. Disponível em: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29980139/ Acesso em: 02 out. 2020.
MUKAKA, M. Statistics Corner: A guide to appropriate use of Correlation coefficient in medical research. Malawi Medical Journal. Lilongwe, p. 69-71. set. 2012. Disponível em: https://sci-hub.st/https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3576830 Acesso em: 24 jun. 2020.
RAJA, S N.; CARR, D B.; COHEN, M; FINNERUP, N B.; FLOR, H; GIBSON, S; KEEFE, F J.; MOGIL, J S.; RINGKAMP, M; SLUKA, K A.. The revised International Association for the Study of Pain definition of pain: concepts, challenges, and compromises. Pain, Amsterdam, v. 161, n. 9, p. 1976-1982, set. 2020. Disponivel em: https://sci-hub.do/10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001939 Acesso em: 16 jul. 2020.
REIS, F; GUIMARÃES, F; NOGUEIRA, L C.; MEZIAT-FILHO, N; SANCHEZ, T A.; WIDEMAN, T. Association between pain drawing and psychological factors in musculoskeletal chronic pain: a systematic review. Physiotherapy Theory And Practice, London, v. 35, n. 6, p. 533-542, 16 abr. 2018. Disponível em: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29659315/ Acesso em: 05 out. 2020.
SARDÁ JUNIOR, J.; NICHOLAS, M. K.; PEREIRA, I. A.; PIMENTA, C. A. de M.; ASGHARI, A.; CRUZ, R. M.. Validation of the Pain-Related Catastrophizing Thoughts Scale. Acta Fisiatr, Florianópolis, v. 15, n. 1, p. 31-36, 2008. Disponível em: https://cdn.publisher.gn1.link/actafisiatrica.org.br/pdf/v15n1a05.pdf Acesso em: 21 jun. 2020.
SEVEREIJNS, R.; VLAEYEN, J. W. S.; HOUT, M. A. van Den; WEBER, W. E. J.. Pain Catastrophizing Predicts Pain Intensity, Disability, and Psychological Distress Independent of the Level of Physical Impairment. The Clinical Journal Of Pain, New York, v. 17, n. 2, p. 165-172, jun. 2001. Disponível em: https://sci-hub.se/10.1097/00002508-200106000-00009 Acesso em: 05 out. 2020.
SILVA, C. D. da; FERRAZ, G. C.; SOUZA, L. A. F.; CRUZ, L. V. S.; STIVAL, M. M.; PEREIRA, L. V.. Prevalência de dor crônica em estudantes universitários de enfermagem. Texto & Contexto - Enfermagem, Goiânia, v. 20, n. 3, p. 519-525, set. 2011. Disponível em: http://www.scielo.br/pdf/tce/v20n3/13.pdf Acesso em: 22 jun. 2020
SILVA, N. S. da; ABREU, S. S. E. de; SUASSUNA, P. D.. Kinesiophobia and associated factors in elderly females with chronic musculoskeletal pain: pilot study. Revista Dor, Rio de Janeiro, v. 17, n. 3, p. 188-191, ago. 2016. Disponível em: https://www.scielo.br/pdf/rdor/v17n3/pt_1806-0013-rdor-17-03-0188.pdf Acesso em: 24 jun. 2020.
SOUZA, F. S. de; MARINHO, C. da S.; SIQUEIRA, F. B.; MAHER, C. G.; COSTA, L. O. P.. Psychometric Testing Confirms That the Brazilian-Portuguese Adaptations, the Original Versions of the Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire, and the Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia Have Similar Measurement Properties. Spine, Hagerstown, v. 33, n. 9, p. 1028-1033, abr. 2008. Disponível em: https://sci-hub.do/10.1097/BRS.0b013e31816c8329 Acesso em: 20 jun. 2020.
SULLIVAN, M. J. L.; BISHOP, S. R.; PIVIK, J.. The Pain Catastrophizing Scale: development and validation. Psychological Assessment, Montreal, v. 7, n. 4, p. 524-532, 1995. American Psychological Association (APA). Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1037/1040-3590.7.4.524 Acesso em: 02 out. 2020.
TREEDE, R-D.; RIEF, W.; BARKE, A.; AZIZ, Q.; BENNETT, M. I.; BENOLIEL, R.; COHEN, M.; EVERS, S.; FINNERUP, N. B.; FIRST, M. B.. Chronic pain as a symptom or a disease. Pain, Amsterdam, v. 160, n. 1, p. 19-27, jan. 2019. Disponível em: https://sci-hub.do/10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001384 Acesso em: 25 jun. 2020.
VASCONCELOS, F. H.; ARAÚJO, G. C. de. Prevalence of chronic pain in Brazil: a descriptive study. Brazilian Journal Of Pain, São Paulo, v. 1, n. 2, p. 176-179, abr. 2018. Disponível em: https://sci-hub.st/10.5935/2595-0118.20180034 Acesso em: 24 jun. 2020.
VIGATTO, R.; ALEXANDRE, N. M. C.; C. FILHO, H. R.. Development of a Brazilian Portuguese Version of the Oswestry Disability Index. Spine, Hagerstown, v. 32, n. 4, p. 481-486, fev. 2007. Disponível em: https://sci-hub.do/10.1097/01.brs.0000255075.11496.47 Acesso em: 24 jun. 2020.
VLAEYEN, J. W.s.; KOLE-SNIJDERS, A. M.J.; BOEREN, R. G.B.; EEK, H. V.. Fear of movement/(re)injury in chronic low back pain and its relation to behavioral performance. Pain, Amsterdam, v. 62, n. 3, p. 363-372, set. 1995. Disponível em: https://sci-hub.do/10.1016/0304-3959(94)00279-n Acesso em: 05 out. 2020.
VLAEYEN, J. W.s.; LINTON, S. J.. Fear-avoidance and its consequences in chronic musculoskeletal pain: a state of the art. Pain, Amsterdam, v. 85, n. 3, p. 317-332, abr. 2000. Disponível em: https://sci-hub.do/10.1016/s0304-3959(99)00242-0 Acesso em: 14 jul. 2020.
VOS, T.; ALLEN, C.; ARORA, M.; BARBER, R. M.; BHUTTA, Z. A.; BROWN, A.; CARTER, A.; CASEY, D. C.; CHARLSON, F. J.; CHEN, A. Z.. Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990–2015: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2015. The Lancet, London, v. 388, n. 10053, p. 1545-1602, out. 2016. Disponível em: https://sci-hub.do/10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31678-6 Acesso em: 24 jun. 2020.
WERTLI, M M.; RASMUSSEN-BARR, E; WEISER, S.; BACHMANN, L. M.; BRUNNER, F.. The role of fear avoidance beliefs as a prognostic factor for outcome in patients with nonspecific low back pain: a systematic review. The Spine Journal, New York, v. 14, n. 5, p. 816-836, maio 2014. Disponível em: https://sci-hub.do/10.1016/j.spinee.2013.09.036 Acesso em: 02 out. 2020.
License
Copyright (c) 2020 RECIMA21 - Revista Científica Multidisciplinar - ISSN 2675-6218
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Os direitos autorais dos artigos/resenhas/TCCs publicados pertecem à revista RECIMA21, e seguem o padrão Creative Commons (CC BY 4.0), permitindo a cópia ou reprodução, desde que cite a fonte e respeite os direitos dos autores e contenham menção aos mesmos nos créditos. Toda e qualquer obra publicada na revista, seu conteúdo é de responsabilidade dos autores, cabendo a RECIMA21 apenas ser o veículo de divulgação, seguindo os padrões nacionais e internacionais de publicação.