PREVALENCE OF IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA IN CHILDREN UNDER 5 YEARS OF AGE ATTENDING PRIMARY HEALTH CARE IN BRAZIL
Abstract
Iron deficiency anemia is one of the main nutritional problems in childhood, especially in developing countries like Brazil, significantly affecting children under five years of age attending Primary Health Care (PHC). This condition is associated with factors such as inadequate iron intake, early weaning, and socioeconomic vulnerability, and can compromise child growth and development. This study aims to analyze the prevalence of iron deficiency anemia in children under five years of age attending PHC in Brazil, as well as to identify the main factors associated with its occurrence. The results show that the prevalence remains high, especially in children under two years of age, the most vulnerable group due to higher nutritional demands. An association is observed with inadequate dietary practices, low dietary diversity, and unfavorable socioeconomic conditions. It is concluded that iron deficiency anemia still represents a significant challenge for public health in Brazil. Strengthening strategies such as iron supplementation, encouraging breastfeeding, providing adequate dietary guidance, and continuous actions in PHC for the prevention and control of this condition is fundamental.
References
CARDOSO, M. A. et al. Prevalência e preditores de anemia na infância no estudo de coorte de nascimentos MINA-Brasil. Revista de Saúde Pública, São Paulo, v. 57, supl. 2, 2024.
CASTRO, I. R. R. et al. Prevalência de anemia e deficiência de vitamina A e consumo de ferro e de vitamina A entre crianças usuárias do Sistema Único de Saúde na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Cadernos de Saúde Pública, Rio de Janeiro, v. 37, n. 4, 2021.
CASTRO, M. C. M. et al. Anemia ferropriva em crianças no Brasil: principais causas e consequências na atualidade. Revista Sociedade Científica, v. 7, n. 1, p. 3151–3174, 2024.
FERREIRA, A. C. R. M. et al. Use of iron supplement to prevent anemia in children aged six to 59 months attended at the Family Health Strategy units in a city in Minas Gerais, Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Saúde Materno Infantil, Recife, v. 23, p. e20220041, 2023.
IRINEU, V. M. et al. Prevalência de anemia em crianças de 6 a 60 meses atendidas na atenção primária à saúde no Brasil. Jornal de Pediatria, 2024.
MENDES, M. M. E. et al. Association between iron deficiency anaemia and complementary feeding in children under 2 years assisted by a conditional cash transfer programme. Public Health Nutrition, Cambridge, v. 24, n. 13, p. 4080–4090, 2021.
NOGUEIRA-DE-ALMEIDA, C. A. et al. Low bioavailability of dietary iron among Brazilian children: study in a representative sample from the Northeast, Southeast, and South regions. Frontiers in Public Health, v. 11, 2023.
PAGE, M. J. et al. The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ, v. 372, n. 71, p. 1-9, 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n71
PAIXÃO, C. K. F. et al. Prevalência e fatores associados à anemia ferropriva entre crianças no Brasil: revisão sistemática e metanálise. Revista Baiana de Saúde Pública, Salvador, 2021.
PAULINO, C. T. S.; NISHIJIMA, M.; SARTI, F. M. Association of iron supplementation programs with iron-deficiency anemia outcomes among children in Brazil. Nutrients, v. 13, n. 5, p. 1524, 2021.
PEREIRA, A. S.; CASTRO, I. R. R.; VERLY-JUNIOR, E. Iron reference intake values for 7- to 23-month-old Brazilian children. Public Health Nutrition, Cambridge, v. 28, n. 1, 2025.
SANTOS, M. S. Q.; SILVA, L. S. C. Análise da prevalência de anemia ferropriva em crianças com idade entre 1 e 5 anos no Brasil. Revista Saúde.com, 2021.
