ORAL MANIFESTATIONS AS CLINICAL PREDICTORS IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF SYSTEMIC AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES
Abstract
Systemic autoimmune diseases are characterized by loss of immunological tolerance and often present with nonspecific early clinical manifestations, leading to delayed diagnosis and worse prognosis. The oral cavity may serve as an important site for early signs of these conditions. Objective: To analyze the relevance of oral manifestations as clinical predictors in the early diagnosis of systemic autoimmune diseases. Methodology: This is an integrative literature review conducted in PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, and LILACS databases, as well as gray literature. Studies published between 2016 and 2026 were included, following eligibility criteria and PRISMA guidelines. Results: Eight studies were included in the qualitative synthesis. Findings showed that lesions such as oral ulcers, erosions, vesicles, xerostomia, and salivary flow alterations often precede systemic manifestations in diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjögren’s syndrome, and pemphigus vulgaris. In many cases, these alterations represent the first clinical signs, allowing earlier diagnosis and better prognosis. Additionally, oral microbiome dysbiosis was associated with the pathophysiology of these diseases. Conclusion: Oral manifestations play a fundamental role as clinical predictors in the early diagnosis of systemic autoimmune diseases. Early recognition by dental professionals is essential for timely referral and multidisciplinary management, contributing to reduced morbidity and improved patient quality of life.
Author Biographies
Mestranda em odotologia, PPGO - UFPI.
Dentista, especialista em implantodontia.
Graduado em Odontologia. Especialista em prótese dentária.
Dentista, cursando pós-graduação.
Mestre em odontologia.
Mestrado em Ortodontia.
Dentista.
Mestrado em Ciências Odontológicas.
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