MAIN CAUSES OF BUDGET OVERRUNS IN CIVIL ENGINEERING WORKS: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW (2015–2025)

Abstract

Cost overrun is one of the main obstacles to efficiency in the civil construction industry, generating significant economic, contractual, and social impacts. This systematic literature review (SLR), conducted according to the PRISMA protocol, aimed to identify, categorize, and critically analyze the causes of overruns in civil engineering works, with emphasis on Brazilian and international contexts between 2015 and 2025. The search was performed in SciELO, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases using combined descriptors in Portuguese, English, and Spanish. After screening by title, abstract, and full reading, 28 high-quality empirical studies and reviews were selected. The results reveal four interdependent categories of main causes: (1) failures in initial estimation and planning, including underestimation of quantities, risk omission, and optimism bias; (2) scope changes and design deficiencies, such as design modifications and incomplete detailed designs; (3) deficiencies in management and execution, involving inadequate management of supply chains, construction sites, and stakeholders; and (4) external factors, such as material inflation, adverse weather conditions, and regulatory delays. In Brazil, Costa et al. (2025) report an average cost overrun of 6.52%, while Santos et al. (2015) highlight failures in the design process in municipal public buildings. The discussion highlights the systemic nature of the factors, primarily concentrated in the project's internal environment, and reinforces the need for integration between design, execution, and digital tools such as Building Information Modeling (BIM). 

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How to Cite

de Medeiros Laurindo, M. (2026). MAIN CAUSES OF BUDGET OVERRUNS IN CIVIL ENGINEERING WORKS: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW (2015–2025). RECIMA21 - Revista Científica Multidisciplinar - ISSN 2675-6218, 7(5), e757917. https://doi.org/10.47820/recima21.v7i5.7917