CAR-T CELL THERAPY FOR HEMATOLOGIC MALIGNANCIES: CLINICAL EFFICACY, LIMITATIONS, AND THERAPEUTIC PROSPECTS
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy has established itself as one of the most innovative approaches to the treatment of hematologic malignancies, particularly in refractory or relapsed cases. The aim of this study was to analyze, in light of recent scientific literature, the biological foundations, clinical efficacy, therapeutic limitations, and future prospects of CAR-T therapy in acute lymphoblastic leukemia and multiple myeloma. This is an integrative literature review conducted in the PubMed, SciELO, and MedLine databases, selecting studies published between 2020 and 2025 based on predefined criteria. The findings show that CAR-T therapy exhibits high clinical response rates, resulting from specific antigen recognition and in vivo clonal expansion, leading to more durable antitumor responses. However, significant challenges remain, including cytokine release syndrome, neurotoxicity associated with immune effector cells, tumor escape, cellular exhaustion, and structural limitations related to cost and accessibility. It is concluded that CAR-T therapy represents a significant advance in hematological oncology, with the potential to redefine therapeutic paradigms through personalized medicine, although its widespread implementation depends on technological and policy advances that enable its safe and equitable incorporation.
Author Biographies
Undergraduate student in the Biomedical Sciences program.
Undergraduate student in the Biomedical Sciences program.
Biomedical Scientist, Master's degree in Molecular Sciences from the State University of Goiás.
Pharmacist, Ph.D. in Pharmaceutical Sciences from the Federal University of Goiás.
Biomedical Scientist, Ph.D. in Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases, with concentration areas in Parasitology and Applied Immunology (Graduate Program in Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases).
Physical Education Professional, Ph.D. candidate in Human Movement and Rehabilitation.
Pharmacist, Master's degree in Pharmaceutical Sciences.
Physiotherapist, Master's degree in Human Movement and Rehabilitation from the Evangelical University of Goiás.
Biomedical Scientist, Master's student in the Graduate Program in Cerrado Irrigation at the Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology Goiano. Specialist in Microbiology and Immunology from Faculdade Líbano. Lecturer in the Biomedical Sciences program at the Evangelical University of Goiás, Domingos Mendes da Silva Campus.
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