META-ANALYSIS ON THE MISUSE OF METHYLPHENIDATE AND LISDEXAMFETAMINE: PATTERNS OF ABUSE, INTOXICATIONS, AND DEPENDENCE
Abstract
Objective: To conduct a meta-analysis on the non-prescribed use of methylphenidate and lisdexamfetamine, identifying patterns of abuse, motivations, and main adverse outcomes. Methodology: Studies published within the last 10 years were analyzed using the Lilacs, SciELO, and PubMed databases. Descriptors related to the drugs, self-medication, intoxication, and side effects were used. Original studies containing data on non-prescribed use for recreational, academic, or weight-loss purposes were included. Reviews, duplicates, and prescribed use studies were excluded. Selection involved screening by title, abstract, and full-text reading, followed by statistical analysis. Studies were categorized according to the type of misuse. Results: Twenty-eight studies on academic performance enhancement use were identified, 16 on weight loss use (appetite reduction, but with cardiovascular risks and dependence), and 6 on recreational use (associated with intoxication, agitation, tachycardia, and psychosis, often combined with other substances). Final considerations: The misuse of these stimulants represents an important public health issue associated with multiple risks. There is a need for integrated strategies, including education, access control, and identification of vulnerable groups, to reduce harm and guide public policies.
Author Biographies
Studant at Afya Medical School in Itajubá
Student at Afya Medical School in Itajubá
Doctor and Mental Health Professor at AFYA Itajubá Medical School
Faculty member at AFYA Faculdade de Medicina de Itajubá and member of the Academic Innovation Center. Holds a PhD in Medical Sciences from the Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, with expertise in physiology, digital health, and technologies applied to Life Sciences. Conducts research in healthcare innovation, biomedical IoT, and technological solutions for monitoring and rehabilitation.
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