CARACTERÍSTICAS FÍSICAS DEL SUELO SOMETIDO A APLICACIONES DE SILICATO Y CALIZA, CON RESPUESTAS DE RENDIMIENTO EN MAÍZ Y TRIGO CULTIVADOS EN LATOSOL ROJO (OXISOL)
Resumen
El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar si los tratamientos con silicato de calcio y magnesio y cal dolomítica mejoraron las propiedades físicas del suelo, incrementaron los índices de clorofila, carotenoides y la productividad agrícola. El estudio se llevó a cabo en un área experimental en el municipio de Céu Azul, PR, utilizando cultivares de soja, trigo y un híbrido de maíz. El diseño experimental empleado fue completamente al azar, con 3 tratamientos y 9 repeticiones, totalizando 27 unidades experimentales. Se definieron dosis de 0, 300 y 800 kg ha⁻¹ para los tratamientos testigo, silicato y cal, respectivamente. Se recolectaron muestras físicas de suelo para determinar la densidad de partículas y la densidad aparente, así como la macroporosidad, microporosidad y porosidad total. También se evaluó la resistencia a la penetración del suelo utilizando un penetrómetro de impacto. Además, se cuantificaron los contenidos de clorofilas y carotenoides para la cultivar de soja y el híbrido de maíz, así como los índices de productividad para las culturas de trigo y maíz. Los promedios fueron sometidos a la prueba de Tukey con un nivel de significancia del 5%. Los tratamientos no mejoraron la densidad aparente, la macroporosidad, la microporosidad ni la porosidad total. El grado de compactación fue mayor en el tratamiento con silicato. Las variables carotenoides, clorofila ‘a’, clorofila ‘b’ y clorofila total no presentaron diferencias entre los tratamientos. La productividad de las culturas de trigo y maíz no difirió estadísticamente entre los tratamientos.
Biografía del autor/a
Phd in Agricultural Engineering from Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná (UNIOESTE), Universitário, Cascavel-PR.
Phd in Agronomy from Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), São Paulo - SP.
Phd in Agricultural Engineering from Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná (UNIOESTE), Cascavel - PR.
Agricultural Engineering student from Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná (UNIOESTE), Cascavel-PR.
Master’s in Agricultural Engineering from the State University of Western Paraná (UNIOESTE).
Student of Agricultural Engineering at the State University of Western Paraná (UNIOESTE).
Referencias
ALAYAFI, A. H.; AL-SOLAIMANI, S. G. M.; EL-WAHED, M. H. A.; ALGHABARI, F. M.; SABAGH, A. E. Silicon supplementation enhances productivity, water use efficiency and salinity tolerance in maize. Frontiers in Plant Science, v. 13, e953451, 2022.
ALVARES, C. A.; STAPE, J. L.; SENTELHAS, P. C.; DE MORAES GONÇALVES, J. L.; SPAROVEK, G. Köppen's climate classification map for Brazil. Meteorologische Zeitschrift, v. 22, n. 6, p. 711-728, 2013.
BOSSOLANI, J. W.; CRUSCIOL, C. A. C.; PORTUGAL, J. R.; MORETTI, L. G.; GARCIA, A.; RODRIGUES, V. A.; REIS, A. R. Long-term liming improves soil fertility and soybean root growth, reflecting improvements in leaf gas nutrient and grain yield. European Journal of Agronomy, v. 128, e126308, 2021.
BRONICK, C. J.; LAL, R. Soil structure and management: A review. Geoderma, v. 124, n. 1-2, p. 3-22, 2005.
CASTRO, G. S. A.; CRUSCIOL, C. A. C.; ROSOLEM, C. A.; CALONEGO, J. C.; BRYE, K. R. Surface lime and silicate application and crop production system effects on physical characteristics of a Brazilian Oxisol. Soil Research, v. 55, n. 8, p. 778-787, 2017.
CONAB – COMPANHIA NACIONAL DE ABASTECIMENTO. Acompanhamento da safra brasileira de grãos: Safra 2022/2023. São Paulo: Conab, 2023.
COSTA, C. H. M.; WANDER, M. M.; CRUSCIOL, C. A. C.; UGARTE, C.; RIGON, J. P. G.; SORATTO, R. P.; CALONEGO, J. C. Long‐term effects of lime and phosphogypsum on soil carbon and nitrogen and physical nutrient under tropical no‐till. Soil Science Society of America Journal, v. 85, n. 2, p. 328-339, 2021.
EJIGU, W.; SELASSIE, Y. G.; ELIAS, E.; MOLLA, E. Effect of lime rates and method of application on soil nutrient of acidic Luvisols and wheat (Triticum aestivum, L.) yields in nutrient Ethiopia. Heliyon, v. 9, n. 3, e13988, 2023.
EL-BELTAGI, H. S.; ALI, M. R.; RAMADAN, K. M. A.; ANWAR, R.; SHALABY, T. A.; REZK, A. A.; EL-GANAINY, S. M.; MAHMOUD, S. F.; ALKAFAFY, M.; EL-MOGY, M. M. Exogenous postharvest application of calcium chloride and salicylic acid to maintain the quality of broccoli florets. Plants, v. 11, n. 11, e1513, 2022.
EMAMI, H.; NEYSHABOURI, M. R.; SHORAFA, M. Relationships between some soil quality indicators in nutrient agricultural soils from Varamin, Iran. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, v. 14, n. 4, p. 951-959, 2012.
EMBRAPA – EMPRESA BRASILEIRA DE PESQUISA AGROPECUÁRIA. Sistema Brasileiro de Classificação de Solos. 5. Ed. Brasília, DF: Embrapa, 2018.
EMRAN, M.; IBRAHIM, O. M.; WALI, A. M.; DARWISH, K. M.; ELDIN, R. M. B. ALOMRAN, M. M.; EL-TAHAN, A. M. Assessing soil quality, wheat crop yield, and water productivity under condition of deficit irrigation. Plants, v. 13, n. 11, e1462, 2024.
FERREIRA, D. F. SISVAR – Sistema de análise de variância (Versão 5.3) [Software]. Lavras: UFLA, 2010.
HUSSAIN, S.; MUMTAZ, M.; MANZOOR, S.; SHUXIAN, L.; AHMED, I.; SKALICKY, M.; BRESTIC, M.; RASTOGI, A.; ULHASSAN, Z.; SHAFIQ, I.; ALLAKHVERDIEV, S. I.; KHURSHID, H.; YANG, W.; LIU, W. Foliar application of silicon improves growth of soybean by enhancing carbon metabolism under shading conditions. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, v. 159, p. 43-52, 2021.
ISLAM, M. M.; JAHAN, K.; SEM, A. URMI, T. A.; HAQUE, M. M.; ALI, H. M.; SIDDIQUI, M. H.; MURATA, Y. Exogenous application of calcium ameliorates salinity stress tolerance of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) and enhances fruit quality. Antioxidants, v. 12, n. 3, 2023.
JING, T.; LI, J.; HE, Y.; SHANKAR, A.; SAXENA, A.; TIWARI, A.; MATURI, K. M.; SOLANKI, M. K.; SINGH, V.; EISSA, M. A.; DING, Z.; XIE, J.; AWASTHI, M. K. Role of calcium nutrition in plant Physiology: Advances in research and insights into acidic soil conditions – A comprehensive review. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, e108602, 2024.
KALEEM, M.; SHABIR, F.; HUSSAIN, I.; HAMEED, M.; AHMAD, M. S. A.; MEHMOOD, A.; ASHFAQ, W.; RIAZ, S.; AFZAAL, Z.; MAQSOOD, M. F.; IQBAL, U.; SHAH, S. M. R.; IRSHAD, M. Alleviation of nutrient toxicity in Zea mays L. through up-regulation of growth, antioxidant defense system and organic osmolytes under calcium supplementation. PLOS ONE, v. 17, n. 6, e0269162, 2022.
KIEHL, E. J. Manual de Edafologia: Relações solo-planta. São Paulo: Ceres, 1979.
LASKARI, M.; MENEXES, G.; KALFAS, I.; GATZOLIS, I.; DORDAS, C. Water stress effects on the morphological, physiological characteristics of maize (Zea mays L.), and on environmental cost. Agronomy, v. 12, n. 10, e2386, 2022.
LI, R.; SUN, Y.; WANG, H.; WANG, H. Advances in understanding silicon transporter and the benefits to silicon-associated disease resistance in plants. Applied Sciences, v. 12, n. 7, e3282, 2022.
LÓPEZ, M. L. C.; MELGAR, L. A. A. S.; GONZÁLEZ, A. G.; MAZATÁN, G. C.; MENDOZA, E. M.; CABRERA, F. R.; RODRÍGUEZ, R. D. P. The benefits of adding calcium oxide nanoparticles to biocompatible polymeric coatings during cucumber fruits postharvest storage. Scientia Horticulturae, v. 287, e110285, 2021.
MALIK, M. A.; WANI, A. H.; MIR, S. H.; REHMAN, I. U.; TAHIR, I.; AHMAD, P.; RASHID, I. Elucidating the role of silicon in drought stress tolerance in plants. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, v. 165, p. 187-195, 2021.
NAZIM, M.; LI, X.; ANJUM, S.; AHMAD, F.; ALI, M.; MUHAMMAD, M.; SHAHZAD, K.; LIN, L.; ZULFIQAR, U. Silicon nanoparticles: A novel approach in plant physiology to combat drought stress in arid environments. Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology, e103190, 2024.
NISAR, S.; IQBAL, M.; ASHRAF, J.; NAEEM, M.; AHMAD, Z.; AFZAL, M.; RAZA, A. Enhancing salt tolerance in cotton by improving its morpho-physiological and antioxidant potential through foliar applied silicon. Silicon, v. 14, n. 17, p. 11243-11252, 2022.
NOMURA, H.; SHIINA, T. Calcium signaling in plant endosymbiotic organelles: Mechanism and role in physiology. Molecular Plant, v. 7, n. 7, p. 1094-1104, 2014.
POOVAIAH, B. W. Role of calcium in prolonging storage life of fruits and vegetables. Food Technology, v. 40, n. 5, p. 86-89, 1986.
RACHID, A. F.; BADER, B. R.; AL-ALAWY, H. H. Effect of foliar application of humic acid and nanocalcium on some growth, production, and photosynthetic pigments of cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. Botrytis) planted in calcareous soil. Plant Archives, v. 20, n. 1, p. 32-37, 2020.
SALEEM, M. H.; PARVEEN, A.; KHAN, S. U.; HUSSAIN, I.; WANG, X. ALSHAYA, H.; EL-SHEIKH, M. A.; ALI, S. Silicon fertigation regimes attenuates cadmium toxicity and phytoremediation potential in two maize (Zea mays L.) cultivars by minimizing its uptake and oxidative stress. Sustainability, v. 14, n. 3, e1462, 2022.
SEIXAS, F.; SOUZA, C. R. Avaliação e efeito da compactação do solo, devido à frequência de tráfego, na produção de madeira de eucalipto. Revista Árvore, v. 31, n. 6, p. 1047-1052, 2007.
SHABBIR, R.; JAVED, T.; HUSSAIN, S.; AHMAR, E.; NAZ, M.; ZAFAR, H.; PANDEY, S.; CHAUHAN, J.; SIDDIQUI, M. H.; PINGHUA, C. Calcium homeostasis and potential roles in combatting environmental stresses in plants. South African Journal of Botany, v. 148, p. 683-693, 2022.
SINGH, P.; KUMAR, V.; SHARMA, J.; SAINI, S.; SHARMA, P.; KUMAR, S.; SINHMAR, Y.; KUMAR, D.; SHARMA, A. Silicon supplementation alleviates the salinity stress in wheat plants by enhancing the plant water status, photosynthetic pigments, proline content and antioxidant enzyme activities. Plants, v. 11, n. 19, e2525, 2022.
SOWIŃSKA, K. A.; WOJCIECHOWSKI, W.; KRYGIER, M.; SOWIŃSKI, J. Effect of soil regenerative practice on selected soil physical properties and eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) yield. Agronomy, v. 12, n. 7, e1686, 2022.
SU, Y.; YANG, H.; WU, Y.; GONG, W.; GUL, H.; YAN, Y.; YANG, W. Photosynthetic acclimation of shade-grown soybean seedlings to a high-light environment. Plants, v. 12, n. 12, e2324, 2023.
TEIXEIRA, P. C.; DONAGEMMA, G. K.; FONTANA, A.; TEIXEIRA, W. G. Manual de métodos de análise de solo. Brasília, DF: Embrapa, 2017.
THAKRAL, V.; BHAT, J. A.; KUMAR, N.; MYAKA, B.; SUDHAKARAN, S.; PATIL, G.; SONAH, H.; SHIVARAJ, S. M.; DESHMUKH, R. Role of silicon under contrasting biotic and abiotic stress conditions provides benefits for climate smart cropping. Environmental and Experimental Botany, v. 189, e104545, 2021.
VIECELLI, C. A.; STANGARLIN, J. R.; KUHN, O. J.; SCHWAN-ESTRADA, K. R. F. Indução de resistência em feijoeiro a mancha angular por extratos de micélio de Pycnoporus sanguineus. Summa Phytopathologica, v. 36, n. 1, p. 73-80, 2010.
WADAS, W.; DĘBSKI, H. Effect of silicon foliar application on the assimilation area and photosynthetic pigment contents of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). Applied Ecology & Environmental Research, v. 20, n. 2, p. 1369-1384, 2022.
WAKWOYA, M. B.; WOLDEYOHANNIS, W. H.; YIMAMU, F. K. Effects of minimum tillage and liming on maize (Zea mays L.) yield components and selected properties of acid soils in Assosa Zone, West Ethiopia. Journal of Agriculture and Food Research, v. 8, e100301, 2022.
XAVIER, A. A. O.; MERCADANTE, A. Z.; DOMINGOS, L. D.; VIOTTO, W. H. Desenvolvimento e validação de método espectrofotométrico para determinação de corante à base de luteína adicionado em iogurte desnatado. Química Nova, v. 35, n. 10, p. 2057-2062, 2012.
ZHANG, Y.; LIANG, Y.; ZHAO, X.; JIN, X.; HOU, L.; SHI, Y.; AHMED, G. J. Silicon compensates phosphorus deficit-induced growth inhibition by improving photosynthetic capacity, antioxidant potential, and nutrient homeostasis in tomato. Agronomy, v. 9, n. 11, e733, 2019.
