MANEJO DE INFECCIONES POR MICROORGANISMOS MULTIRRESISTENTES: UNA REVISIÓN SOBRE DESENLACES CLÍNICOS E INNOVACIONES
Resumen
La resistencia antimicrobiana (RAM) constituye uno de los principales desafíos globales de salud pública, siendo directamente responsable de aproximadamente 1,27 millones de muertes anuales y asociada a cerca de 4,95 millones de fallecimientos en todo el mundo. Las infecciones causadas por microorganismos multirresistentes (MMR) se asocian con mayor mortalidad, prolongación de la estancia hospitalaria, aumento de los costos sanitarios y mayor complejidad terapéutica, especialmente en países de ingresos bajos y medianos. Esta revisión integradora tuvo como objetivo analizar los desenlaces clínicos y las estrategias terapéuticas recientes para el manejo de infecciones por bacterias multirresistentes. La búsqueda se realizó en la base PubMed en diciembre de 2025, utilizando el descriptor “Bacterial Resistance”, priorizando ensayos clínicos aleatorizados y estudios clínicos relevantes publicados después de 2020. Se seleccionaron trece estudios que abordaban directamente el manejo de estas infecciones. Los resultados muestran que el retraso en la instauración de una terapia antimicrobiana adecuada se asocia con peores desenlaces clínicos, mientras que el tratamiento dirigido precoz reduce la mortalidad, el fracaso terapéutico y la duración de la hospitalización. Los bacilos Gram-negativos multirresistentes, especialmente Enterobacterales, Acinetobacter baumannii y Pseudomonas aeruginosa, predominan en el ámbito hospitalario. La evidencia también respalda la eficacia de regímenes terapéuticos más cortos, con menor presión selectiva y reducción de eventos adversos. Las intervenciones de optimización del uso de antimicrobianos demostraron impacto significativo en la racionalización de antibióticos.
Biografía del autor/a
Acadêmico de Radiologia.
Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais.
Acadêmico de Medicina.
Acadêmica de Medicina.
Acadêmica de Medicina.
Ph.D em Demografia pela Johns Hopkins University.
Doutora em Ciências e Técnicas Nucleares.
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