EJE MÚSCULO-CEREBRO: EFICACIA DE LA SUPLEMENTACIÓN CON CREATINA Y HMB EN LA SARCOPENIA Y EL DETERIORO COGNITIVO EN ANCIANOS
Resumen
El envejecimiento de la población plantea retos críticos como la sarcopenia y el deterioro cognitivo. La relación bidireccional entre el músculo y el cerebro sugiere que las intervenciones nutricionales pueden actuar de forma sistémica mediante el denominado eje músculo-cerebro. Objetivo: Analizar la evidencia científica reciente (2021-2025) sobre la eficacia de la suplementación con creatina e HMB en la salud física y mental de los ancianos. Metodología: Se realizó una revisión integradora de la literatura en las bases de datos PubMed/MEDLINE, LILACS/BVS y Scielo. Se seleccionaron ocho estudios clave, incluyendo ensayos clínicos aleatorizados y metaanálisis recientes. Resultados: La creatina demostró eficacia en la mejora de la memoria y el procesamiento cognitivo, actuando sobre la bioenergética cerebral en condiciones de estrés metabólico. El HMB evidenció capacidad para preservar la fuerza de prensión manual y la funcionalidad, superando la resistencia anabólica típica de la edad. La suplementación combinada creatina y HMB dio lugar a mejoras en la fuerza funcional mediante la optimización de la eficiencia neuromuscular, independientemente de la hipertrofia muscular. Conclusión: Esta combinación presenta un potencial sinérgico para mitigar la fragilidad física y cognitiva, siendo una estrategia terapéutica eficaz para promover la autonomía en la vejez.
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