DEFINICIÓN DE LÍMITES DE TOLERANCIA PARA NIVELES DE EMERGENCIA MEDIANTE TURBIDÍMETROS EN EL MONITOREO EN LÍNEA DE PRESAS DE MINERÍA
Resumen
La seguridad de las presas de relaves mineros constituye un tema de gran relevancia en el contexto ambiental y operativo, especialmente en regiones sensibles como la Amazonía. En este escenario, el monitoreo continuo de variables ambientales es fundamental para la detección temprana de cambios asociados a riesgos estructurales o impactos en los recursos hídricos. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar el comportamiento de la turbidez del agua en una presa minera, a partir de una serie temporal de alta frecuencia correspondiente al período de junio de 2024 a marzo de 2026. La metodología se basó en el tratamiento estadístico de los datos, incluyendo análisis descriptivo, identificación de valores atípicos, medias móviles y definición de límites operacionales mediante percentiles (P90, P95 y P99). Los resultados indicaron un comportamiento predominantemente estable, con una media de 14,19 NTU, aunque con la presencia de eventos extremos, evidenciados por una distribución asimétrica positiva y un valor máximo de 199,94 NTU. El análisis temporal identificó períodos críticos asociados a la temporada lluviosa amazónica, caracterizada por mayor precipitación y transporte de sedimentos. La clasificación en rangos operativos resultó eficaz; sin embargo, el valor máximo observado se mantuvo por debajo del umbral de emergencia (> 221,54 NTU), indicando que no se registraron eventos de emergencia en el período analizado. Se concluye que el uso de enfoques estadísticos robustos, junto con el análisis temporal y estacional, contribuye al fortalecimiento del monitoreo ambiental y la toma de decisiones.
Biografía del autor/a
Estudiante de maestría en Ingeniería de Presas y Gestión Ambiental en la Universidad Federal de Pará (UFPA).
Estudiante de maestría en Ingeniería de Infraestructura y Desarrollo Energético en la Universidad Federal de Pará (UFPA), Belém, PA, Brasil.
Posdoctorado en Geología y Geotecnia por la Universidad Federal de Pará (UFPA).
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