HETEROGENEIDAD ELÉCTRICA EN TUMORES: VALIDACIÓN EXPERIMENTAL DE LA REDISTRIBUCIÓN DEL CAMPO ELÉCTRICO EN FANTOMAS MULTICAPA E IMPLICACIONES PARA MODELOS ELECTROMETABÓLICOS
Resumen
Modelos recientes describen los tumores como sistemas electrodinámicos en los cuales el campo eléctrico modula procesos metabólicos celulares. Sin embargo, tales enfoques a menudo asumen condiciones espaciales simplificadas, descuidando la heterogeneidad eléctrica del microambiente tumoral. En este estudio se desarrolló un fantoma multicapa de agar-NaCl con inclusiones que simulan tumores de diferentes geometrías (elipsoidal y lenticular), seleccionadas por representar morfologías frecuentemente observadas en lesiones hepáticas. El sistema permitió investigar experimentalmente la distribución espacial del potencial eléctrico (Vpp) y del gradiente eléctrico (E) bajo diferentes condiciones de estimulación (10–25 Vpp; 10 Hz–33 kHz). Los resultados demostraron una redistribución significativa del campo eléctrico en medios heterogéneos, caracterizada por la reducción del gradiente en el interior de las inclusiones y la intensificación en las regiones de interfaz. Además, la geometría influyó de manera relevante en la magnitud y la distribución espacial del campo, con la forma lenticular mostrando mayor concentración de gradiente en regiones periféricas. La variación de frecuencia no alteró significativamente la distribución espacial, indicando un comportamiento predominantemente resistivo del sistema. Estos hallazgos proporcionan validación experimental para modelos electrometabólicos y establecen una base física para futuros estudios que integren bioelectricidad, metabolismo tumoral y terapias basadas en campos eléctricos.
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