RECUPERAÇÃO DE GÁLIO A PARTIR DE MINÉRIOS E RECURSOS SECUNDÁRIOS (2020–2025): UMA REVISÃO CRÍTICA DA QUÍMICA DE PROCESSOS, DESAFIOS DE SELETIVIDADE E PRONTIDÃO INDUSTRIAL

Resumo

A recuperação de gálio a partir de recursos primários e secundários tem atraído crescente atenção entre 2020 e 2025 devido à sua relevância para aplicações avançadas em eletrônica e energia. No entanto, esta revisão crítica demonstra que a recuperação de gálio raramente é limitada pela eficiência de dissolução, sendo, em vez disso, governada por desafios nas etapas subsequentes de separação e purificação. Em licores industriais reais, o Ga(III) apresenta especiação altamente adaptável, resultando em forte competição química com alumínio, ferro e zinco em ambientes ácidos, neutros e alcalinos. Esse comportamento controla fundamentalmente a seletividade, o consumo de reagentes e a estabilidade do processo, explicando a frequente discrepância entre estudos em escala laboratorial realizados com soluções sintéticas e o desempenho observado em licores de processo multicomponentes. Esta revisão examina criticamente sistemas alcalinos do tipo Bayer, a lixiviação ácida de lama vermelha, cinzas volantes e resíduos metalúrgicos, rotas baseadas em haletos e fluxogramas orientados à reciclagem de resíduos eletrônicos, com ênfase em extração por solventes, troca iônica e adsorção, separações assistidas por membranas, precipitação seletiva e polimento eletroquímico como etapas centrais de purificação. A análise comparativa das arquiteturas de fluxogramas revela uma mudança sistemática na complexidade do processo, que se desloca da dissolução para a purificação, reciclagem de reagentes e gestão de resíduos, fatores que, em última instância, determinam a viabilidade ambiental e econômica. 

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Como Citar

Pereira, A. C. (2026). RECUPERAÇÃO DE GÁLIO A PARTIR DE MINÉRIOS E RECURSOS SECUNDÁRIOS (2020–2025): UMA REVISÃO CRÍTICA DA QUÍMICA DE PROCESSOS, DESAFIOS DE SELETIVIDADE E PRONTIDÃO INDUSTRIAL. RECIMA21 - Revista Científica Multidisciplinar - ISSN 2675-6218, 7(3), e737479. https://doi.org/10.47820/recima21.v7i3.7479