CÓMO LA FISIOPATOLOGÍA DEL SÍNDROME DE GILBERT AFECTA LA VIDA COTIDIANA DE LOS PACIENTES PORTADORES: UNA REVISIÓN INTEGRATIVA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47820/recima21.v5i10.5731Palabras clave:
Síndrome de Gilbert, UDP-glucuroniltransferasa, SíndromeResumen
El síndrome de Gilbert (SG) se configura como una patología hereditaria, en la que se produce una mutación en el gen UGT1A1, reduciendo la actividad de la enzima UDP-glucuroniltransferasa, cuya consecuencia es cambiar los niveles de bilirrubina no conjugada en la sangre, generando hiperbilirrubinemia. Este exceso de bilirrubina indirecta de suero puede conducir a varias manifestaciones clínicas. A través del presente estudio, se observó que los síntomas pueden presentarse de una manera maliciosa y beneficiosa. Entre los daños, la ictericia, el dolor epigástrico y la falta de energía se destacan. En la otra mano, las protecciones cardiovasculares y los efectos antioxidantes caracterizan algunos de los beneficios de esta mutación. El diagnóstico requiere, además de las pruebas complementarias, una evaluación de los niveles de suero de bilirrubina total. Se observa que el aumento exacerbado en la bilirrubina indirecta está influenciado por varios factores, como la etnia, el fumar, los hábitos alimenticios, la genética y el sexo. Además, se configura como una molécula con efectos anti-inflamatorios, antiaterógenos, antitrombóticos e inmunomoduladores, pero se informa un mayor riesgo de desarrollar diabetes mellitus, câncer de colon y cáncer de mama. SG es frecuente en los hombres y no requiere tratamiento farmacoterapéutico o dietético, sin embargo, un seguimiento especializado debe llevarse a cabo periódicamente.
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