POLICE ASSISTANCE TO PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES: PARADIGMS AND PERSPECTIVES FOR INCLUSION AND RIGHTS PROTECTION

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47820/recima21.v7i1.7084

Keywords:

People with disabilities. Police action. Vulnerable groups. Accessibility. Public policies.

Abstract

The present research aims to conduct a bibliographic and documentary survey on the interaction between vulnerable groups, focusing on persons with disabilities, and the work of public security forces. It analyzes existing public policies at the global, national, and state (Paraná) levels, seeking to understand the considerations and perceptions regarding inclusive practices in police assistance to this group. The methodology is based on a literature review and the analysis of legal and institutional documents. The results indicate legislative progress, but still an incipient implementation, with significant challenges in the training of agents, communication accessibility, and the guarantee of rights. The research concludes that the effectiveness of inclusion policies depends on a systemic effort involving continuous training, the adoption of assistive technologies, and a cultural shift within security institutions.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biographies

  • Suellen Cristo de Freitas, Polícia Militar do Paraná

    Psicóloga e Policial Militar do Paraná - PMPR 

  • Nilson Ferreira Barbosa Junior, Secretaria de Segurança Pública do Paraná

    Secretaria de Segurança Pública do Paraná

References

ALBERUS, R. Translating a Digital Strategy for South Africa's Police Services. CONF-IRM 2019 Proceedings, v. 41, 2019. Disponivel em: https://aisel.aisnet.org/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1013&context=confirm2019. Acesso em: 06 out. 2025.

ALPERT, G.; DUNHAM, R. Policy and Training Recommendations Related to Police Use of CEDs: Overview of Findings From a Comprehensive National Study. Police Quarterly, v. 13, p. 235-259, 2010. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1177/1098611110373993. Acesso em: 06 out. 2025. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1098611110373993

BAILEY, A.; BARR, O.; BUNTING, B. Police attitudes toward people with intellectual disability: an evaluation of awareness training. Journal of intellectual disability research: JIDR, v. 45, Pt 4, p. 344-50, 2001. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1046/J.1365-2788.2001.00339.X. Acesso em: 06 out. 2025. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2788.2001.00339.x

BASCHUK, O. Administrative and legal framework for prevention and counteraction of discrimination by district police officers. Entrepreneurship, Economy and Law, 2022. https://doi.org/10.32849/2663-5313/2022.1.06. DOI: https://doi.org/10.32849/2663-5313/2022.1.06

BEZYAK, J.; CLEMENS, E.; LUCAS, S. Law Enforcement and Individuals with Disabilities: Steps towards Service Improvement. Policing: A Journal of Policy and Practice, 2021 https://doi.org/10.1093/POLICE/PAAB021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/police/paab021

BOOKMAN, M. A Recent History of Activism for Accessibility in Japan (1981–2006). Disability Studies Quarterly, 2024. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.18061/dsq.v43i2.7706. Acesso em: 07 out. 2025. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18061/dsq.v43i2.7706

BRASIL. Lei n. 10.436, de 24 de abril de 2002. Dispõe sobre a Língua Brasileira de Sinais - Libras e dá outras providências. Disponível em: http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/leis/2002/l10436.htm. Acesso em: 29 ago. 2025.

BRASIL. Lei n. 13.146, de 6 de julho de 2015. Institui a Lei Brasileira de Inclusão da Pessoa com Deficiência (Estatuto da Pessoa com Deficiência). Disponível em: http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/_ato2015-2018/2015/lei/l13146.htm. Acesso em: 29 ago. 2025.

BRASIL. Ministério da Justiça e Segurança Pública. Cartilha orienta policias na abordagem a grupos em situação de vulnerabilidade. Brasília: Ministério da Justiça e Segurança Pública, 2013. Disponível em: https://www.gov.br/mj/pt-br/assuntos/noticias/cartilha-orienta-policias-na-abordagem-a-gruposemsituacaodevulnerabilidade-1. Acesso em: 10 set. 2025

BRASIL. Secretaria Nacional de Segurança Pública. Atuação policial na proteção dos direitos humanos de pessoas em situação de vulnerabilidade: cartilha. Brasília: SENASP/MJ, 2010. Disponível em: https://dspace.mj.gov.br/bitstream/1/2337/1/5a_cartilha_policial_2013.pdf. Acesso em: 07 ago. 2025.

BRODERICK, A. Of rights and obligations: the birth of accessibility. The International Journal of Human Rights, v. 24, p. 393-413, 2020. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1080/13642987.2019.1634556. Acesso em: 07 out. 2025. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13642987.2019.1634556

CHARITAKIS, S. Accessibility of goods and services. [S. l.], Elgar Online, 2020. p. 221-242. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.4337/9781788976428.00021. Acesso em: 07 out. 2025. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4337/9781788976428.00021

DE CASTRO, C.; DE OLIVERA, C.; LESSA, M. Pessoas com deficiência, direito e contemporaneidade: do modelo social da deficiência ao reconhecimento da interdependência entre as pessoas. Revista DOMO, [S. l.], 2022. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.29327/228628.2.2-8. Acesso em: 7 nov. 2025. DOI: https://doi.org/10.29327/228628.2.2-8

DEL PUPPO ROMANELLO, M.; CARNAVALLI, R. A capacidade das pessoas com deficiência mental no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro. Revista do Curso de Direito do UNIFOR, [S. l.], v. 11, p. 22-52, 2020. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.24862/rcdu.v11i1.1000. Acesso em: 7 nov. 2025. DOI: https://doi.org/10.24862/rcdu.v11i1.1000

DIAMOND, L.; HOGUE, l. Law Enforcement Officers: A Call for Training and Awareness of Disabilities. Journal of Disability Policy Studies, v. 33, p. 225-235, 2022. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1177/10442073221094803. Acesso em: 06 out. 2025. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/10442073221094803

FERREIRA, João. Atendimento Policial a Pessoas com Deficiência. São Paulo: Editora Inclusão, 2018.

FERRI, D. Advancing an Embodied Understanding of Accessibility for Persons with Disabilities. Journal of Human Rights Practice, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1093/jhuman/huae049. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/jhuman/huae049

FIX, R. Beyond denial: Police-recommended solutions to community policing challenges. American journal of community psychology, 2025. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1002/ajcp.12810. Acesso em: 06 out. 2025. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ajcp.12810

FOMICHOV, K. Administrative and legal regulation of the interaction of entities implementing state policy in the sphere of social protection of persons with disabilities with other state institutions. Scientific notes Series Law, [S. l.], 2023. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.36550/2522-9230-2023-14-128-134. Acesso em: 7 nov. 2025. DOI: https://doi.org/10.36550/2522-9230-2023-14-128-134

GOMES, R.; DE LIMA, V. Abordagem policial a pessoas com deficiência: desafios e soluções. Revista ft, [S. l.], 2025. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.69849/revistaft/ni10202501311351. Acesso em: 7 nov. 2025. DOI: https://doi.org/10.69849/revistaft/ni10202501311351

GRECO, G. On Accessibility as a Human Right, with an Application to Media Accessibility. London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2016. p. 11-33. https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-56917-2_2. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-56917-2_2

GULATI, G. et al. Experiences of people with intellectual disabilities encountering law enforcement officials as the suspects of crime - A narrative systematic review. International journal of law and psychiatry, [S. l.], v. 71, p. 101609, 2020. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijlp.2020.101609. Acesso em: 7 nov. 2025.

GULATI, G.; CUSACK, A.; KELLY, B.; KILCOMMINS, S.; DUNNE, C. Experiences of people with intellectual disabilities encountering law enforcement officials as the suspects of crime - A narrative systematic review. International journal of law and psychiatry, v. 71, 101609, 2020. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijlp.2020.101609. Acesso em: 06 out. 2025. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijlp.2020.101609

GULATI, G.; CUSACK, A.; LYNCH, B.; MURPHY, V.; CAREY, M.; BOGUE, J.; O’CONNOR, A.; FOLEY, V.; DEE, C.; DUNNE, B.; SUTTON, P.; KELLY, B.; FISTEIN, E.; KILCOMMINS, S.; DUNNE, C. The collaborative development through multidisciplinary and advocate consensus of an accessible notice of rights for people with intellectual disabilities in police custody. International journal of law and psychiatry, v. 83, 101815, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijlp.2022.101815. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijlp.2022.101815

GULATI, G.; KELLY, B.; CULLEN, W.; KUKASWADIA, S.; CUSACK, A.; KILCOMMINS, S.; DUNNE, C. What is the role of doctors in respect of suspects with mental health and intellectual disabilities in police custody?. Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1017/ipm.2021.25. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/ipm.2021.25

HAN, L. et al. International classification of functioning, disability and health (ICF) in daily clinical practice: Structure, benefits and limitations. European Psychiatry, [S. l.], v. 64, p. S63-S64, 2021. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.198. Acesso em: 7 nov. 2025. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.198

HENSHAW, M.; THOMAS, S. Police encounters with people with intellectual disability: prevalence, characteristics and challenges. Journal of intellectual disability research: JIDR, v. 56, n. 6, p. 620-31, 2012. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2788.2011.01502.x. Acesso em: 06 out. 2025. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2788.2011.01502.x

HOMBERG, F.; VOGEL, R.; WEIHERL, J. Public service motivation and continuous organizational change: Taking charge behaviour at police services. Public Administration, v. 97, p. 28-47, 2019. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1111/PADM.12354. Acesso em: 06 out. 2025. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/padm.12354

HYLAND, J. Building a Police Service in Challenging and Changing Times. The Journal of Intelligence, Conflict, and Warfare, 2022. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.21810/jicw.v4i3.4190. Acesso em: 06 out. 2025. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21810/jicw.v4i3.4190

IMRIE, R. Demystifying disability: a review of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health. Sociology of health & illness, [S. l.], v. 26, n. 3, p. 287-305, 2004. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9566.2004.00391.x. Acesso em: 7 nov. 2025. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9566.2004.00391.x

JACKSON, M. Models of Disability and Human Rights: Informing the Improvement of Built Environment Accessibility for People with Disability at Neighborhood Scale?. Laws, v. 7, n. 10, 2022. https://doi.org/10.3390/LAWS7010010. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/laws7010010

JACOBS, L. The Interplay between Human Rights and Accessibility Laws: Lessons Learned and Considerations for the Planned Federal Accessibility Legislation. LSN: Comparative Law (Topic), 2018. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3180846. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3180846

LARSON, E.; THURLOW, M.; LAZARUS, S.; LIU, K. Paradigm Shifts in States’ Assessment Accessibility Policies: Addressing Challenges in Implementation. Journal of Disability Policy Studies, v. 30, p. 244-252, 2019. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1177/1044207319848071. Acesso em: 07 out. 2025. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1044207319848071

LAVOIE, J.; ALVAREZ, N.; KANDIL, Y. Developing Community Co-designed Scenario-Based Training for Police Mental Health Crisis Response: a Relational Policing Approach to De-escalation. Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology, v. 37, p. 587-601, 2022. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11896-022-09500-2. Acesso em: 06 out. 2025. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11896-022-09500-2

LINDSAY, S.; FUENTES, K.; RAGUNATHAN, S.; LI, Y.; ROSS, T. Accessible independent housing for people with disabilities: A scoping review of promising practices, policies and interventions. PLOS ONE, v. 19, 2024. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0291228. Acesso em: 07 out. 2025. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0291228

LINHORST, D.; SCHAFER, J. Implementation issues associated with collaborations between police officers and social service workers: a systematic review. Journal of Crime and Justice, 2025. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1080/0735648x.2024.2448799. Acesso em: 06 out. 2025. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/0735648X.2024.2448799

LINOS, E. More Than Public Service: A Field Experiment on Job Advertisements and Diversity in the Police. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, v. 28, p. 67-85, 2018. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1093/JOPART/MUX032. Acesso em: 06 out. 2025. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/jopart/mux032

LYRA, T. et al. The National Health Policy for people with disabilities in Brazil: an analysis of the content, context and the performance of social actors. Health Policy and Planning, [S. l.], v. 37, p. 1086-1097, 2022. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1093/heapol/czac051. Acesso em: 7 nov. 2025. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/heapol/czac051

MAATHUIS, C. Insights into Building VR Solutions in the Police Domain. International Conference on Education Research, 2024. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.34190/icer.1.1.2800. Acesso em: 06 out. 2025. DOI: https://doi.org/10.34190/icer.1.1.2800

MARCUS, N.; STERGIOPOULOS, V. Re-examining mental health crisis intervention: A rapid review comparing outcomes across police, co-responder and non-police models. Health & social care in the Community, 2022. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1111/hsc.13731. Acesso em: 06 out. 2025. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/hsc.13731

MATOS, C.; MATTER, V.; VIEGAS, F.; MARTINS, M.; TAVARES, J.; BARBOSA, J. SafeFollowing: A collaborative model for public securit agents to assist people with disabilities and the elderly. RITA, v. 26, p. 75-89, 2019. https://doi.org/10.22456/2175-2745.92117. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22456/2175-2745.92117

MCNAMARA, D. Building a Collaborative Approach to Policing in an Age of Disability Human Rights Law. Journal of psychiatric and mental health nursing, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpm.12609. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jpm.12609

MODELL, S.; MAK, S. A preliminary assessment of police officers' knowledge and perceptions of persons with disabilities. Intellectual and developmental disabilities, v. 46, n. 3, p. 183-9, 2008. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1352/2008.46:183-189. Acesso em: 06 out. 2025. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1352/2008.46:183-189

MOEN, K.; ÅKER, T.; GULATI, G. Legal Vulnerability – Police Officers’ Stories in Their Meeting with People with Intellectual Disabilities. Scandinavian Journal of Disability Research, 2024. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.16993/sjdr.1068. Acesso em: 06 out. 2025. DOI: https://doi.org/10.16993/sjdr.1068

MORRISON, J.; FORRESTER-JONES, R.; BRADSHAW, J.; MURPHY, G. Communication and Cross-Examination in Court For Children and Adults with Intellectual Disabilities: a systematic review, Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, v. 63, p. 709-709, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1111/JIR.12669. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jir.12669

NORED, L.; GOODMAN, D.; THOMPSON, R. Implementation of the Americans with Disabilities Act in State Police and Highway Patrol Agencies: Results of a National Survey. Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology, [S. l.], v. 26, p. 35-46, 2011. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11896-010-9074-7. Acesso em: 7 nov. 2025. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11896-010-9074-7

ORGANIZAÇÃO DAS NAÇÕES UNIDAS. Convenção sobre os Direitos das Pessoas com Deficiência. Nova York: ONU, 2006. Disponível em: https://www.un.org/disabilities/documents/convention/convoptprot-e.pdf. Acesso em: 29 ago. 2025.

PARANÁ. POLÍCIA CIVIL DO PARANÁ. PCPR ministra palestra educativa em escola para surdos na Capital. Curitiba: PCPR, 2024. Disponível em: https://www.policiacivil.pr.gov.br/Noticia/PCPR-ministra-palestra-educativa-em-escola-para-surdos-na-Capital. Acesso em: 29 ago. 2025.

PARANÁ. POLÍCIA MILITAR DO PARANÁ. Polícia Militar do Paraná desenvolve sistema para surdos poderem acionar o 190. Curitiba: PMPR, 2013. Disponível em: https://www.apabb.org.br/nucleos/pr/noticias/policia-militar-do-parana-desenvolve-sistema-para-surdos-poderem-acionar-o-190-4087.html. Acesso em: 29 ago. 2025.

PETERSON, D. International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health: An Introduction for Rehabilitation Psychologists. Rehabilitation Psychology, [S. l.], v. 50, p. 105-112, 2005. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1037/0090-5550.50.2.105. Acesso em: 7 nov. 2025. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0090-5550.50.2.105

PFEIFFER, D. Overview of the Disability Movement: History, Legislative Record, and Political Implications. Policy Studies Journal, v. 21, p. 724-734, 1993. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1541-0072.1993.TB02169.X. Acesso em: 07 out. 2025. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1541-0072.1993.tb02169.x

POWERS, R.; HAYES, B. Victim and third-party reporting of violent victimization to the police in incidents involving victims with disabilities. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, v. 61, p. 268-302, 2022. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1177/00224278221131493. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/00224278221131493

RIGAUX, C.; CUNNINGHAM, J. Enhancing recruitment and retention of visible minority police officers in Canadian policing agencies. Policing and Society, v. 31, p. 454-482, 2020. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1080/10439463.2020.1750611. Acesso em: 06 out. 2025. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10439463.2020.1750611

ROMERO, G. ACCESSIBILITY AND NON-DISCRIMINATION IN FAVOR OF PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES: reflections from international law. Latin American Journal of European Studies, 2024. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.51799/2763-8685v4n2004. Acesso em: 07 out. 2025. DOI: https://doi.org/10.51799/2763-8685v4n2004

ROWE, S.; DOWSE, L.; BAKER, M.; BALDRY, E. Policing disability: alliance building, police divestment and community investment. Current Issues in Criminal Justice, v. 34, p. 171-187, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1080/10345329.2022.2029084. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10345329.2022.2029084

SAHIN, N.; CUBUKCU, S. In-Car Cameras and Police Accountability in Use of Force Incidents. Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology, v. 37, p. 512-525, 2021. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11896-021-09472-9. Acesso em: 06 out. 2025. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11896-021-09472-9

SANTOS, A.; PEREIRA, D.; ZOGAHIB, A. Public security and human rights in Brazil: challenges and prospects for a fairer and safer society. CONTRIBUCIONES A LAS CIENCIAS SOCIALES, 2024. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.55905/revconv.17n.2-080. DOI: https://doi.org/10.55905/revconv.17n.2-080

SANYAOLU, O.; OLANIYAN, A.; ADDY, T.; NABORS, L. A Scoping Review of Research to Assist Individuals with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities in Interactions with Police. Advances in Neurodevelopmental Disorders, v. 6, 2022. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1007/s41252-022-00240-2. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s41252-022-00240-2

SAVELL, S. The right to public security. American Ethnologist, 7 nov. 2021. https://doi.org/10.1111/amet.13037. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/amet.13037

SCHER, D. Restoring police service with a community vision: Tanzania 2006-2009. [S. l.]: Princeton University, 2019.

STEELE, L. Policing normalcy: sexual violence against women offenders with disability. Continuum, v. 31, p. 422-435, 2017. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1080/10304312.2016.1275144. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10304312.2016.1275144

TEREKHOV, V. LEGAL BASES FOR ENSURING THE AVAILABILITY OF LAW ENFORCEMENT ASSISTANCE IN THE CONTEXT OF LAW ENFORCEMENT REFORM. Scientific Herald of Sivershchyna. Series: Law, 2022. https://doi.org/10.32755/sjlaw.2022.01.049. DOI: https://doi.org/10.32755/sjlaw.2022.01.049

TOBIN, T. Enhancing Police Services in the United States Through Public and Interagency Collaboration. Enhancing Police Service Delivery, p. 109-124, 2020. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-61452-2_8. Acesso em: 06 out. 2025. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-61452-2_8

VEGA, O.; PEACOCK, R. Police–disabled citizen interactions: testing the role of disability awareness training and experience on officer confidence. Disability & Society, v. 39, p. 1765-1781, 2023. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1080/09687599.2023.2164847. Acesso em: 06 out. 2025. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09687599.2023.2164847

VILJOEN, E.; BORNMAN, J.; TONSING, K. Interacting with Persons with Disabilities: South African Police Officers’ Knowledge, Experience and Perceived Competence. Policing: A Journal of Policy and Practice, 2021. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1093/POLICE/PAAA084. Acesso em: 06 out. 2025. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/police/paaa084

WELLER, P. Police Prosecution and Access to Justice for People with Disabilities. The Evolving Role of the Public Prosecutor. 2018. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429467547-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429467547-8

WHALEY, B.; MARTINIS, J.; PAGANO, G.; BARTHOL, S.; SENZER, J.; WILLIAMSON, P.; BLANCK, P. The Americans with Disabilities Act and Equal Access to Public Spaces. Laws, v. 13, 2024. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.3390/laws13010005. Acesso em: 07 out. 2025. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/laws13010005

ZAVITRENKO, D.; SNISARENKO, I.; NAHORNA, O. FEATURES OF INTERACTION WITH LAW ENFORCEMENT BODIES IN AN INCLUSIVE SPACE. Law Journal of Donbass, 2024. https://doi.org/10.32782/2523-4269-2024-86-102-108. DOI: https://doi.org/10.32782/2523-4269-2024-86-102-108

Published

02/01/2026

How to Cite

POLICE ASSISTANCE TO PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES: PARADIGMS AND PERSPECTIVES FOR INCLUSION AND RIGHTS PROTECTION. (2026). RECIMA21 - Revista Científica Multidisciplinar - ISSN 2675-6218, 7(1), e717084. https://doi.org/10.47820/recima21.v7i1.7084