FINANCING INSTRUMENTS FOR THE REAL ECONOMY AND NON-PERFORMING LOAN MANAGEMENT IN ANGOLAN BANKING: THE CASE OF BNA NOTICES NO. 09 AND 10/2024 OF 20 DECEMBER
Abstract
This article analyses BNA Notices No. 09 and 10/2024, dated 20 December, issued by the National Bank of Angola, assessing their regulatory design and potential impacts on financing for housing, construction, and priority productive sectors of the Angolan economy. In a context of persistently high non-performing loan ratios (which exceeded 20% in recent years) and chronic insufficiency of bank financing to non-oil sectors, the study addresses the tension between financial stability and the expansion of credit to the real economy. The methodology is qualitative, based on documentary analysis of the regulatory instruments, a review of specialised literature on financial intermediation, credit risk and banking regulation, and comparison with international best practices. The analysis shows that the Notices introduce relevant regulatory innovations: capped interest rates (7% for housing credit and 7.5% for productive investment), reserve requirement deduction mechanisms, minimum transaction requirements with a comply-or-explain mechanism, and detailed eligibility and risk assessment criteria. However, significant implementation challenges are identified: financial sustainability of operations for banks, limited technical capacity for sectoral risk assessment, effectiveness of guarantee and enforcement mechanisms, and the actual viability of projects to be financed. It is concluded that the Notices represent a coherent and technically grounded regulatory initiative, whose effective outcomes will depend on the institutional capacity of financial institutions, the macroeconomic environment, and coordination with complementary policies supporting the targeted sectors.
Author Biography
PhD candidate in Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences at Agostinho Neto University. Master’s degree in Political Science, Faculty of Social Sciences at Agostinho Neto University, Luanda, Angola. Bachelor’s degree in International Relations, Higher Institute of International Relations “Venâncio de Moura”.
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