MANAGEMENT OF TYPE 1 DIABETES MELLITUS IN THE PEDIATRIC AND ADOLESCENT POPULATION: AN INTEGRATIVE REVIEW ON CLINICAL, SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS AND QUALITY OF LIFE
Abstract
This study analyzed the available evidence on the challenges and factors associated with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) in childhood and adolescence through an integrative literature review carried out in the SciELO, BVS, PubMed, and LILACS databases, between 2015 and 2025. The sample consisted of 10 articles selected after applying inclusion and exclusion criteria. It was observed that T1DM represents a serious public health problem, with Brazil ranking third worldwide in the number of cases in children and adolescents. The results showed that higher family income is associated with better quality of life, while parental stress and lack of knowledge about the disease negatively interfere with treatment adherence. The use of interstitial glucose sensors demonstrated a significant reduction in glycemic levels, and the construction of adolescent autonomy proved to be essential for self-care. Among the main difficulties identified were fear and insecurity of caregivers, the adaptations required by the disease, and non-acceptance of new eating habits. Inadequate glycemic control, with elevated glycated hemoglobin, was associated with social determinants of health, while diet and physical activity were shown to be relevant factors for disease management. The results corroborate the need for early diagnosis, continuous family support, and integrated multidisciplinary follow-up. The importance of public policies that guarantee equitable access to treatment, diabetes education, and psychosocial support for children, adolescents, and their families is highlighted.
Author Biographies
Pharmacist graduated from Centro Universitário Multiversa do Jaguaribe, Aracati-CE, Brazil.
Pharmacy undergraduate student at Centro Universitário Multiversa do Jaguaribe, Aracati-CE, Brazil.
Professor at Centro Universitário Multiversa do Jaguaribe, Aracati-CE, Brazil.
Professor of Medicine at Universidade da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afro-Brasileira, Redenção-CE, Brazil.
Pharmacist graduated from Centro Universitário Multiversa do Jaguaribe, Aracati-CE, Brazil.
Professor of Medicine at Universidade da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afro-Brasileira, Redenção-CE, Brazil.
Professor at Centro Universitário Fametro, Fortaleza-CE, Brazil.
Nurse graduated from Faculdade de Ensino e Cultura do Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, Brazil.
Pharmacy undergraduate student at Centro Universitário Multiversa do Jaguaribe, Aracati-CE, Brazil.
Docente do Centro Universitário Multiversa do Jaguaribe (UNIJAGUARIBE), Aracati-CE, Brasil.
References
AMERICAN DIABETES ASSOCIATION. Standards of medical care in diabetes—2022. Diabetes Care, v. 45, supl. 1, p. S1-S264, 2022. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.2337/dc22-Sint Acesso em: 8 nov. 2025. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2337/dc22-Sint
AMERICAN DIABETES ASSOCIATION. Children and adolescents: Standards of Care in Diabetes—2025. Diabetes Care, v. 48, supl. 1, p. S283-S305, 2025. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.2337/dc25-S014 Acesso em: 9 maio 2026. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2337/dc25-S014
AMERICAN DIABETES ASSOCIATION. Obesity management for the treatment of type 2 diabetes: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2019. Diabetes Care, v. 42, supl. 1, p. S81-S89, 2019. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.2337/dc19-S008 Acesso em: 9 nov. 2025. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2337/dc19-S008
COLBERG, S. R. et al. Physical activity/exercise and diabetes: a position statement of the American Diabetes Association. Diabetes Care, v. 39, n. 11, p. 2065-2079, 2016. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.2337/dc16-1728 Acesso em: 10 nov. 2025. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2337/dc16-1728
CONDE BARREIRO, S. et al. Epidemiología de la diabetes mellitus tipo 1 en menores de 15 años en España. Anales de Pediatría, v. 81, n. 3, p. 189.e1-189.e12, 2014. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anpedi.2013.12.010 Acesso em: 7 nov. 2025. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anpedi.2013.12.010
CRUZ, M. S. S. et al. Experiences of adolescents with diabetes mellitus from the perspective of the ethics of alterity. Acta Paulista de Enfermagem, v. 31, n. 2, p. 130-136, 2018. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0194201800020 Acesso em: 12 nov. 2025. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0194201800020
FEITOR, S. et al. Empoderamento comunitário em saúde escolar: adolescentes com diabetes mellitus tipo 1. Revista Rol de Enfermería, v. 43, n. 1, p. 364-373, 2020. Acesso em: 12 nov. 2025.
FORGA, L. Epidemiología en diabetes tipo 1: ayudando a encajar las piezas del puzle. Endocrinología, Diabetes y Nutrición, v. 62, n. 4, p. 149-151, 2015. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.endonu.2015.02.002 Acesso em: 12 nov. 2025. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.endonu.2015.02.002
INTERNATIONAL DIABETES FEDERATION. IDF Diabetes Atlas. 10. ed. Brussels: International Diabetes Federation, 2021. Disponível em: https://diabetesatlas.org Acesso em: 12 nov. 2025.
INTERNATIONAL DIABETES FEDERATION. IDF Diabetes Atlas. 11. ed. Brussels: International Diabetes Federation, 2025. Disponível em: https://idf.org Acesso em: 9 maio 2026.
INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR PEDIATRIC AND ADOLESCENT DIABETES. ISPAD Clinical Practice Consensus Guidelines 2022. Pediatric Diabetes, v. 23, supl. 27, p. 1-289, 2022. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/pedi.13441
LEVITSKY, L. L.; MISRA, M. Management of type 1 diabetes mellitus in children and adolescents. In: UpToDate. Waltham, MA: UpToDate, 2019. Disponível em: https://www.uptodate.com Acesso em: 11 nov. 2025.
MALTA, D. C. et al. Prevalência de diabetes mellitus determinada pela hemoglobina glicada na população adulta brasileira: Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde. Revista Brasileira de Epidemiologia, v. 22, supl. 2, e190006, 2019. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-549720190006.supl.2 Acesso em: 7 nov. 2025. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-549720190006.supl.2
MAKLER, F. L.; KONRAD, D.; LANDOLT, M. A. Perceived family stress predicts poor metabolic control in pediatric patients with type 1 diabetes: a novel triadic approach. Journal of Diabetes Research, v. 2022, art. 3809775, 2022. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/3809775 Acesso em: 11 nov. 2025. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/3809775
MINAYO, M. C. S.; HARTZ, Z. M. A.; BUSS, P. M. Qualidade de vida e saúde: um debate necessário. Ciência & Saúde Coletiva, v. 5, n. 1, p. 7-18, 2000. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1590/S1413-81232000000100002 Acesso em: 11 nov. 2025. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S1413-81232000000100002
NAJEM, S. et al. Glycemic control and diabetes complications in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus in Tanzania. Journal of Clinical & Translational Endocrinology, v. 23, art. 100245, 2021. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcte.2020.100245 Acesso em: 12 nov. 2025. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcte.2020.100245
NUNES, D. R. et al. Composição da rede social das crianças acometidas pela diabetes mellitus tipo 1 frente aos desafios da doença. Brazilian Journal of Development, v. 7, n. 2, p. 19763-19774, 2021. Acesso em: 12 nov. 2025. DOI: https://doi.org/10.34117/bjdv7n2-562
PÉREZ, C. et al. Evaluación del tratamiento intensificado de conteo de hidratos de carbono en un grupo de niños con diabetes mellitus tipo 1. Diaeta, v. 33, n. 150, p. 21-25, 2015.
PÉREZ, M.; IRENE, I.; MONTOYA, C. Diabetes mellitus tipo 1: factores psicosociales y adaptación del paciente pediátrico y su familia. Archivos Argentinos de Pediatría, v. 113, n. 2, p. 158-162, 2015.
PETTERSON, C. C. et al. Worldwide estimates of incidence, prevalence and mortality of type 1 diabetes in children and adolescents: results from the IDF Diabetes Atlas, 9th edition. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice, v. 157, art. 107842, 2019. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2019.107842 Acesso em: 10 nov. 2025. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2019.107842
PINAR, R.; TURAN, N. Living with type 1 diabetes: a qualitative study. Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Pediatrics, v. 31, n. 1, p. 1-8, 2022. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.5336/pediatr.2020-80212 Acesso em: 11 nov. 2025. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5336/pediatr.2020-80212
QUEIROZ, M. V. O. et al. Sensibilizando crianças com diabetes para o autocuidado: contribuições para a prática educacional. Escola Anna Nery, v. 20, n. 2, p. 337-343, 2016. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.5935/1414-8145.20160046 Acesso em: 12 nov. 2025. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5935/1414-8145.20160046
SOUSA, P. D. et al. Hospitalização por diabetes mellitus na infância no Brasil e regiões entre 2010 e 2019. Revista de Pediatria SOPERJ, v. 21, supl. 1, p. 16-22, 2021. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.31365/issn.2595-1769.v21ispl.15p16-22 Acesso em: 12 nov. 2025.
SOUZA, M. A. et al. Qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde de adolescentes com diabetes mellitus tipo 1. Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem, v. 27, e3210, 2019. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1590/1518-8345.2961.3210 Acesso em: 10 nov. 2025. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/1518-8345.2961.3210
TREMBLAY, E. S. et al. Hispanic caregivers' experiences with pediatric type 1 diabetes: a qualitative study. Pediatric Diabetes, v. 22, n. 7, p. 1040-1050, 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/pedi.13247
WOLKERS, B. C. P. et al. Primary care for children with type 1 diabetes mellitus: caregiver perspectives. Acta Paulista de Enfermagem, v. 30, n. 5, p. 451-457, 2017. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0194201700065 Acesso em: 12 nov. 2025. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0194201700066
WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION. World Health Organization. Diabetes. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2024. Disponível em: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/diabetes Acesso em: 9 maio 2026.
License
Copyright (c) 2026 RECIMA21 - Revista Científica Multidisciplinar - ISSN 2675-6218
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Os direitos autorais dos artigos/resenhas/TCCs publicados pertecem à revista RECIMA21, e seguem o padrão Creative Commons (CC BY 4.0), permitindo a cópia ou reprodução, desde que cite a fonte e respeite os direitos dos autores e contenham menção aos mesmos nos créditos. Toda e qualquer obra publicada na revista, seu conteúdo é de responsabilidade dos autores, cabendo a RECIMA21 apenas ser o veículo de divulgação, seguindo os padrões nacionais e internacionais de publicação.