HIDROGEL SUPERABSORBENTE A BASE DE ALCOHOL POLIVINÍLICO/CLORURO DE GUAR HIDROXIPROPILTRIMONIO COMO ACONDICIONADOR DE SUELO EN CULTIVOS DE ARROZ
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47820/recima21.v6i8.6705Palabras clave:
Riego, Agricultura, PolimerosResumen
Alrededor del 70 % del agua dulce del planeta se destina a actividades agrícolas y, con el aumento previsto de la población, esta cifra aumentará. Los recursos hídricos se están agotando a un ritmo mucho más rápido del que se reponen de forma natural, por lo que esto podría repercutir en la disponibilidad de agua y, sin duda, tener un efecto negativo en el rendimiento de los cultivos. En este contexto, el objetivo de este estudio era desarrollar sistemas poliméricos a partir de polímeros sintéticos biodegradables y carbohidratos para su aplicación en el cultivo del arroz. Los sistemas se sintetizaron mediante un proceso de reticulación con tetraborato sódico, siguiendo un diseño experimental L9. Se analizaron la capacidad de absorción de agua, la influencia de los materiales en el crecimiento de las semillas de arroz y la absorción de urea, con el fin de regular la humedad del suelo y controlar la volatilización del amoníaco. La biodegradabilidad de las muestras de suelo se evaluó mediante el método respirométrico. Sin embargo, los resultados mostraron que las muestras no eran adecuadas para el propósito previsto, ya que se degradaban rápidamente en el suelo. No obstante, estos materiales podrían tener otras aplicaciones, como películas de recubrimiento para productos alimenticios, ya que no entrarán en contacto con el suelo hasta el momento de su eliminación.
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