REVISIÓN SISTEMÁTICA ACERCA DE LA CONTAMINACIÓN Y DEGRADACIÓN DEL DIÉSEL Y BIODIÉSEL DURANTE EL ALMACENAMIENTO
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47820/recima21.v6i10.6832Palabras clave:
Biodiésel, Contaminación microbiana, Degradación de combustibles, Almacenamiento, Revisión SistemáticaResumen
El almacenamiento de diésel y biodiésel presenta desafíos significativos relacionados con la contaminación y la degradación a lo largo del tiempo. El biodiésel, debido a su alta higroscopicidad, absorbe fácilmente agua, creando condiciones favorables para la proliferación microbiana y el avance de reacciones oxidativas. Estos factores resultan en la formación de borras, sedimentos y biopelículas, que comprometen la calidad del combustible, provocan obstrucción de filtros, fallas en sistemas de inyección y corrosión en tanques metálicos. Microorganismos como Pseudomonas, Aspergillus, Candida y Bacillus han sido frecuentemente asociados a estos procesos, acelerando la deterioración. Los impactos operativos incluyen un aumento en los costos de mantenimiento, sustitución frecuente de filtros y reparaciones en componentes dañados. En contrapartida, las prácticas preventivas han demostrado beneficios económicos y técnicos. Entre las principales estrategias se destacan: drenaje periódico del agua, limpieza y monitoreo microbiológico de tanques, aplicación de aditivos antioxidantes y biocidas, además de la técnica de fuel polishing, que promueve la recirculación del combustible con filtrado, eliminando agua libre, sedimentos y biopelículas. Esta Revisión Sistemática de la Literatura identificó que los métodos combinados —control de la humedad, aditivación adecuada y filtrado activo— son los más eficaces para mitigar riesgos, prolongar la vida útil de los equipos y preservar la eficiencia energética. El estudio también evidencia la contribución de herramientas computacionales, como el software StArt, que ayudan en la organización de las referencias y en la selección rigurosa de artículos, reforzando la importancia de enfoques integrados y fundamentados para asegurar la calidad de los combustibles almacenados.
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