ACCESO, PERMANENCIA Y ÉXITO DE ESTUDIANTES CON DISCAPACIDAD EN LA EDUCACIÓN SUPERIOR: UNA REVISIÓN SISTEMÁTICA
Resumen
Desde una perspectiva biopsicosocial, la discapacidad resulta de la interacción entre limitaciones individuales y barreras contextuales, especialmente presentes en la educación superior. A pesar del aumento en el acceso, persisten desigualdades en la permanencia y el éxito académico de estudiantes con discapacidad. Objetivo: Analizar los desafíos y facilitadores que influyen en el acceso, la permanencia, el éxito académico y la experiencia de estudiantes con discapacidad y neurodivergencia en la educación superior. Metodología: Se trata de una revisión sistemática realizada conforme a las directrices PRISMA 2020. La búsqueda se llevó a cabo en Google Académico y en la Biblioteca Virtual en Salud, utilizando descriptores MeSH y DeCS combinados con operadores booleanos. Se incluyeron estudios primarios publicados en los últimos cinco años, con una muestra final de 37 artículos. El análisis se realizó mediante síntesis narrativa y categorización temática. Conclusión: Los resultados muestran que, aunque el acceso ha aumentado, persisten barreras estructurales, pedagógicas y actitudinales que afectan la permanencia y el éxito académico. Estrategias como el Diseño Universal para el Aprendizaje, el apoyo institucional, la accesibilidad digital y el apoyo entre pares son fundamentales. Sin embargo, el estigma y la baja utilización de servicios evidencian la necesidad de transformaciones institucionales y culturales. La inclusión efectiva requiere un enfoque sistémico centrado en la equidad, el sentido de pertenencia y la diversidad.
Biografía del autor/a
Estudiante de Medicina en la Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (Unimontes), Montes Claros, MG, Brasil.
Estudiante de Medicina en la Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (Unimontes), Montes Claros, MG, Brasil.
Estudiante de Medicina en la Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (Unimontes), Montes Claros, MG, Brasil.
Doctorado en Ciencias de la Salud por la Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (Unimontes). Docente en el Departamento de Medicina en Unimontes, Montes Claros, MG, Brasil.
Licenciada en Ciencias de la Información por la Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (Unimontes), Montes Claros, MG, Brasil.
Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (Unimontes), Brasil.
Doctorado en Medicina (Neurología) por la Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF). Docente en el Departamento de Educación Física y del Deporte en Unimontes, Montes Claros, MG, Brasil.
Doctorado en Ciencias de la Salud por la Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (Unimontes). Docente en el Departamento de Educación Física y del Deporte en Unimontes, Montes Claros, MG, Brasil.
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