LEUCEMIA EOSINOFÍLICA CRÓNICA: UNA REVISIÓN CRÍTICA SOBRE LOS AVANCES, DESAFÍOS DIAGNÓSTICOS Y PERSPECTIVAS TERAPÉUTICAS
Resumen
La Leucemia Eosinofílica Crónica (LEC) es una neoplasia mieloproliferativa BCR::ABL1 negativa, caracterizada por la proliferación clonal y persistente de eosinófilos con alteraciones morfológicas específicas. Se trata de una enfermedad rara, de baja incidencia, cuyo diagnóstico aún ocurre de forma tardía, debido a la escasez de información clínica, la similitud con otras causas de hipereosinofilia y la dificultad en el reconocimiento precoz, factores que comprometen la intervención terapéutica y favorecen complicaciones. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar críticamente la literatura científica sobre la LEC, con énfasis en los avances moleculares, los desafíos diagnósticos y las perspectivas terapéuticas. Se trata de una investigación de enfoque cualitativo y carácter descriptivo, desarrollada mediante una revisión crítica de la literatura, con recolección de datos en bases como PubMed, SciELO, LILACS, Periódicos CAPES y Google Académico, en el período de 2020 a 2026. Los resultados evidencian que la LEC presenta manifestaciones clínicas variadas y frecuentemente inespecíficas, asociadas a hallazgos de laboratorio relevantes y a alteraciones genéticas, con destaque para la fusión FIP1L1-PDGFRA, responsable de la activación constitutiva de la tirosina quinasa y de la proliferación desregulada de eosinófilos. Se observa además que el diagnóstico requiere un enfoque integrado entre datos clínicos, de laboratorio y moleculares. Se concluye que, a pesar de los avances, la LEC aún presenta desafíos relacionados con el diagnóstico precoz, siendo fundamental ampliar el conocimiento científico para mejorar el manejo y el pronóstico de los pacientes.
Biografía del autor/a
Estudiante de pregrado en Biomedicina.
Estudiante de pregrado en Biomedicina.
Estudiante de pregrado en Biomedicina.
Biomédico, Magíster en Hematología – Universidade do Estado do Amazonas (UEA)/Fundação Hospitalar de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Amazonas (Fundación HEMOAM).
Biomédico, Magíster en Biotecnología – Centro Universitário Fametro (FAMETRO).
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