COMPARAÇÃO ENTRE O TRATAMENTO CONSERVADOR E CIRÚRGICO NA SÍNDROME DA APNEIA OBSTRUTIVA DO SONO EM ADULTOS
Resumo
A síndrome da apneia obstrutiva do sono (SAOS) é uma condição altamente prevalente e subdiagnosticada em adultos, associada a importantes repercussões clínicas, funcionais e na qualidade de vida, o que torna fundamental a adequada escolha terapêutica. Diante da diversidade de abordagens disponíveis, este estudo teve como objetivo comparar os desfechos do tratamento conservador e cirúrgico na SAOS em adultos, conforme evidências recentes da literatura. Trata-se de uma revisão sistemática conduzida de acordo com as diretrizes PRISMA, com buscas realizadas nas bases Web of Science, PubMed, Embase e Science Direct, no período de 2021 a 2025. Foram incluídos ensaios clínicos que avaliaram a efetividade de intervenções conservadoras e cirúrgicas em pacientes adultos com SAOS. Ao final do processo de seleção, 28 estudos foram incluídos, totalizando 2.473 participantes. Os resultados indicam que os tratamentos conservadores apresentam benefícios consistentes na melhora da sonolência diurna, da qualidade do sono e da qualidade de vida, embora com impacto heterogêneo sobre a redução do Índice de Apneia-Hipopneia. Em contrapartida, as intervenções cirúrgicas demonstraram maior eficácia na redução objetiva da gravidade da SAOS e maiores taxas de sucesso clínico, especialmente em pacientes com alterações anatômicas específicas. Conclui-se que ambas as abordagens são eficazes e complementares, devendo a escolha terapêutica ser individualizada, considerando a gravidade da doença, características anatômicas, adesão ao tratamento e preferências do paciente.
Biografia do Autor
Residente Em Oncologia pela Universidade Federal do Delta do Parnaíba (UFDPAR).
Graduado Em Fisioterapia
Universidade Federal do Delta do Parnaíba (UFDPAR).
Graduanda em Farmácia pela Universidade Federal do Piauí (UFPI).
Graduado em Medicina pela Universidade Santo Amaro (UNISA).
Graduando em Enfermagem
Centro Universitário Santa Terezinha (CEST).
Graduada em Enfermagem pela Faculdade São Francisco de Barreiras.
Graduanda em Nutrição
Universidade de Vassouras (UNIVASSOURAS).
Graduando em Medicina pela Escola Superior de Ciências da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Vitória (EMESCAM).
Graduanda em Medicina pela Escola Superior de Ciências da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Vitória (EMESCAM).
Graduanda em Medicina pela Faculdade de Ciências Médicas do Pará.
Graduanda em Medicina pelo Centro Universitário Integrado de Campo Mourão.
Graduanda em Fisioterapia pela Universidade Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP).
Graduada em Medicina pela Universidad de Buenos Aires.
Graduanda em Enfermagem pela Universidade Federal do Maranhão (CCIM).
Graduada em Enfermagem pelo Centro Universitário Fametro (UNIFAMETRO).
Graduado em Fisioterapia pela Unidade de Ensino Superior Dom Bosco (UNDB).
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