MATHEMATICAL PRECISION IN MICROSOFT EXCEL: THE ENDURING −1^0 ANOMALY AND ITS EDUCATIONAL IMPACTS

Abstract

School mathematics is grounded in stable symbolic conventions that ensure the unambiguous interpretation of algebraic expressions, such as the precedence of exponentiation over the unary negative operator, according to which −1^0 equals −1. In educational contexts mediated by digital technologies, however, the validation of mathematical knowledge increasingly depends on computational artifacts that exercise epistemic authority over students and teachers. This study examines how such mediation may interfere with conceptual formation, taking the evaluation of −1^0 as a paradigmatic case. It is observed that a cell in Microsoft Excel returns 1, whereas other environments within the same ecosystem, such as VBA, Copilot, and the scientific calculator of Windows, preserve the algebraic convention and produce −1. This divergence is argued not to arise from mathematical ambiguity, but from implementation choices that operate as cognitive mediators of knowledge. On a global scale, such mediations tend to naturalize computational results, induce incorrect algebraic interpretations, and shift conceptual authority from the mathematical domain to the technological one, thereby compromising algebraic literacy and students’ epistemological autonomy. The article discusses the pedagogical implications of this process and contributes to a critical understanding of the role of digital technologies in contemporary mathematics education.

Author Biography

Rafael Alberto Gonçalves, FURB

Escritor e Professor Universitário. Mestre em Ciências Naturais e Matemática pela Universidade Regional de Blumenau - FURB (2012). Especialista em Metodologia do Ensino de Matemática - IBPEX. Bacharel em Ciências Contábeis pela Universidade da Região de Joinville - UNIVILLE. Possuí formação Pedagógica de Docentes pelo Centro Universitário de Jaraguá do Sul - UNERJ. É professor do ensino profissional e tecnológico. Possui mais de 20 anos de experiência em processos contábeis, administrativos e produtivos na região do Vale do Itapocu-SC.

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How to Cite

Gonçalves, R. A. (2026). MATHEMATICAL PRECISION IN MICROSOFT EXCEL: THE ENDURING −1^0 ANOMALY AND ITS EDUCATIONAL IMPACTS. RECIMA21 - Revista Científica Multidisciplinar - ISSN 2675-6218, 7(3), e737383. https://doi.org/10.47820/recima21.v7i3.7383