PEDIATRIC COMMUNICATION TRAINING AND PATIENT INCLUSION: AN INTEGRATIVE REVIEW
Abstract
Introduction: Communication is essential in medical practice and therapeutic relationships [1]. In pediatrics, it assumes a triadic nature involving the healthcare professional, the child, and the caregiver, requiring adaptation to the patient’s developmental stage [2]. Despite the relevance of skills such as empathy and active listening, difficulties in direct communication with children persist, highlighting gaps in professional training [3]. Strategies such as clinical simulation and active learning methodologies have been used to teach these competencies; however, it remains uncertain whether they effectively promote the child’s active participation in the communication process [4,5]. Objective: To identify, characterize, and analyze training strategies in pediatric communication skills aimed at including pediatric patients in the communication process. Methodology: An integrative literature review was conducted following methodological recommendations. Searches were performed in PubMed, SciELO, and the Virtual Health Library (VHL) databases using descriptors related to health communication, pediatrics, and professional-patient interaction. Studies published between 2016 and 2025 were included. After applying eligibility criteria and screening procedures, 10 studies comprised the final sample. Results: Heterogeneity was observed regarding study designs, populations, and interventions, with a predominance of studies involving medical students and residents. The main strategies included clinical simulation, standardized patients, digital technologies (virtual reality and artificial intelligence), and active learning methodologies. Factors such as age, clinical context, and sociodemographic characteristics influence communication. Conclusion: Communication training strategies in pediatrics are effective in developing professional competencies; however, their contribution to the active inclusion of children in the communication process remains limited.
References
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