POSIBLES BIOMARCADORES INMUNOLÓGICOS RELACIONADOS CON EL DIAGNÓSTICO DE LA ENFERMEDAD PERIODONTAL

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47820/recima21.v7i1.7096

Palabras clave:

Biomarcadores, Periodontitis, Diagnóstico, Líquido crevicular, Saliva

Resumen

La periodontitis es una enfermedad inflamatoria crónica que afecta los tejidos de soporte, incluyendo el ligamento periodontal y el hueso alveolar. Los parámetros clínicos como la profundidad de sondaje, el sangrado al sondaje, el nivel de inserción clínica, el índice de placa y el examen radiográfico para el análisis de la pérdida ósea se utilizan para el diagnóstico. Aunque estos métodos clínicos son sencillos y no invasivos, no pueden identificar a los pacientes altamente susceptibles a la progresión de la enfermedad periodontal. La identificación de biomarcadores de la enfermedad es una opción de cribado poblacional rápida y eficaz para planificar acciones de política pública y medidas profilácticas. Se analizaron estudios de revisión sistemática, metaanálisis, ensayos clínicos aleatorizados y estudios publicados en revistas científicas con el fin de evaluar la existencia de nuevos biomarcadores para el diagnóstico de la enfermedad periodontal. La estrategia de búsqueda consistió en una revisión de las bases de datos primarias Medline (PubMED), SciELO y Lilacs, seleccionándose artículos publicados entre 2000 y 2024. Los biomarcadores discutidos (IL-1β, IL-1, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, IL-13, IL-17, IL-17A, IL-17F, IL-22, IL-23, IL-23A, IL-27, IL-31, IL-33, IL-35, IL-36γ,IL-36A,IL-36,IL-37,IL-38,TNF-α,IFN-γ, TGF-β,MIP-1α, OSM,Th17,PGE2,MMP-1,MMP-2,MMP-8,MMP-9,MMPs,TIMP-1,TIMP-2,pSTAT3, ICTP, catepsina K y caspasa-1) muestran un potencial clínico significativo, pero aún enfrentan limitaciones metodológicas que dificultan su aplicación práctica. Los enfoques futuros que unifiquen técnicas de recolección y análisis, así como estudios traslacionales robustos, podrían avanzar en la aplicación clínica de estos biomarcadores para el diagnóstico y el monitoreo de enfermedades orales como la periodontitis.

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Biografía del autor/a

  • José Augusto Rodrigues, Universidade Guarulhos - UNG.

    Graduado en Odontología (1997), Maestría (2001) y Doctorado (2003) en Clínica Odontológica - área de concentración en Operatoria Dental por FOP UNICAMP, Proficiencia en Láser por la Academy of Laser Dentistry ALD-USA. Profesor Investigador del PPG y de la Licenciatura en Odontología de la Universidad Guarulhos - UNG. Profesor del curso de Odontología de la Universidad São Judas Tadeu - USJT. Faculty Associate del departamento Dentistry/Restorative Dental Sciences, del Health Science Center de la University of Florida. Tiene experiencia en Clínica Odontológica en el área de Operatoria Dental, realizando investigaciones sobre blanqueamiento dental, resinas compuestas y enfermedad caries. Correo electrónico: gutojar@yahoo.com

    https://lattes.cnpq.br/5427129618730432

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Publicado

25/12/2025

Cómo citar

POSIBLES BIOMARCADORES INMUNOLÓGICOS RELACIONADOS CON EL DIAGNÓSTICO DE LA ENFERMEDAD PERIODONTAL. (2025). RECIMA21 - Revista Científica Multidisciplinar - ISSN 2675-6218, 7(1), e717096. https://doi.org/10.47820/recima21.v7i1.7096