PRE-ECLAMPSIA: A LITERATURE REVIEW OF RISK FACTORS AND PREVENTIVE STRATEGIES
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47820/recima21.v5i3.4954Keywords:
Risk Factors, Pre-Eclampsia, PreventionAbstract
Introduction: Pre-eclampsia, a hypertensive condition specific to pregnancy, continues to be a leading cause of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Objective: to analyze the risk factors associated with pre-eclampsia, highlighting its multifactorial complexity, and examine preventive strategies. Methodology: This is a bibliographic review, using articles present in the following databases: PubMed, Scopus and SciELO. Original articles and systematic reviews in English and Portuguese published between 2018 and 2024 were included, which addressed risk factors and prevention of pre eclampsia. After analysis, 18 articles were selected to prepare this bibliographic review. Results and Discussion: Determinants of preeclampsia include family history, genetic predisposition, duration of sexual cohabitation, maternal smoking, number of pregnancies, maternal age, use of in vitro fertilization, and maternal medical conditions such as pre-existing hypertension, diabetes, chronic kidney disease and obesity. The use of aspirin to prevent pre-eclampsia has been proposed for a long time, in addition, the use of calcium in low doses and changes in lifestyle habits, such as physical activity, are recommended. Conclusion: The identification of risk factors highlights the importance of a comprehensive assessment during prenatal care. Preventing pre-eclampsia goes beyond the medical scope, incorporating lifestyle changes and promoting healthy habits.
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