UPDATE ON EARLY BIOMARKERS OF MYOCARDIAL ACUTE INFARCTION AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP WITH CARDIAC TROPONIN: A LITERATURE REVIEW
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47820/recima21.v5i8.5497Keywords:
Acute coronary syndrome, sensitivity and specificity of biomarkers, myocardial ischemia, early diagnosis MAIAbstract
Background: Cardiovascular diseases are responsible for almost half of all deaths worldwide, therefore being the most common causes of death and, therefore, attention should be paid to this type of clinical manifestation, as around 10% of patients who report chest pain upon arrival at the emergency room are diagnosed with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Objective: This study aimed to analyze the main previous biomarkers of acute myocardial infarction, in order to highlight the best diagnosis of this emergency condition. Methodology: This is a Descriptive Literature Review, carried out using the Capes Portal database. The descriptors used were: [hypertensive adult] AND [new biomarkers] AND [sensitivity] OR [specificity] AND [early diagnosis] AND [acute myocardial infarction]. Result: Troponin requires repeated measurements for a concise diagnosis; CK-MB presented sensitivity close to 40% and specificity of 90%; copeptin reaches peak plasma levels 0 to 1 hour after symptom onset. The miRNA had a specificity of 82% and a sensitivity of 78%. Myoglobin presented low specificity and high sensitivity, which is not conducive to good diagnosis. Neutrophils and plasma cells migrate to the ischemic area. Albumin and H-FABP showed high sensitivity and specificity. Conclusion: The biochemical markers of infarction analyzed in this review, troponin, CK-MB, copeptin, miRNA, H-FABP, Myo, neutrophils and plasma cells, and albumin, did not obtain an excellent diagnostic parameter when analyzed separately, however, it was observed that the correlation of indicators improves the prognosis of AMI.
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