IMPACT OF COVID-19 VACCINATION ON OUTCOMES OF PATIENTS WITH SEVERE ACUTE RESPIRATORY SYNDROME: A RETROSPECTIVE COHORT STUDY IN THE FEDERAL DISTRICT (2020-2023)

Abstract

Objective: This study seeks to analyze the relationship between COVID-19 vaccination and the outcomes of patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in the Federal District between 2020 and 2023. Method: We conducted a retrospective descriptive study using data on compulsory notification of SARS provided by the Management of Surveillance of Vaccine-preventable and Waterborne and Foodborne Diseases (GEVITHA). Information collected includes age, gender, vaccination status, comorbidities, and clinical outcomes. For statistical analysis, we used chi-square tests, logistic regression and multicollinearity analysis to verify the independence of the variables. Results: Our data show a significant difference in outcomes between the vaccinated and unvaccinated groups. Vaccination had an Odds Ratio (OR) of 0.064 (95% CI: 0.051-0.081), p < 0.001, indicating significant protection against severe outcomes. The need for ventilatory support and the presence of comorbidities, such as Down syndrome and immunosuppression, were also identified as important predictors of mortality. Multicollinearity analysis confirmed the robustness of the model without significant problems. Conclusion: Vaccination against COVID-19 is crucial in the prevention of severe infections, but it is not sufficient on its own to predict clinical outcomes in hospitalized patients with SARS. Effective management of SARS requires an integrated approach that considers multiple clinical factors, including vaccination, ventilatory support, and comorbidities. These findings underscore the need for comprehensive strategies in clinical practice and public health policymaking to address SARS during the COVID-19 pandemic.