THE USE OF LITHIUM CARBONATE IN THE BIPOL AR AFFECTIVE DISORDER - AN UPDATED REVIEW
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47820/recima21.v2i9.774Keywords:
Lithium;, Lithium carbonate; , Bipolar Disorder.Abstract
Lithium is a metal found in magma rocks, discovered by the Swedish chemist Johan Arfwedson. It is used for many things, such as manufacturing batteries and lubricants, as well as in the pharmaceutical industry, as an agent in Bipolar Affective Disorder (BAD), being the most effective among the drugs for this disorder as a carbonate. Shifts in mood characterize the BAD, with episodes of mania, hypomania, and depression, which considerably affect the individual's life in a social aspect. Suicidal tendencies may also occur. Lithium carbonate is, therefore, the most suitable for BAD, as it can be used in various stages of the disease. Articles were searched in databases such as Google Scholar, Ministry of Health, E-books, Theses, and Academic Articles and National Library of Medicine (Pubmed), ProQuest Databases, between 2012 and 2021, using as descriptors: “Lithium carbonate in BAD”, “bipolar affective disorder”, “lithium” and “lithium carbonate's mechanism of action”. The mechanism of action suggests that there is a decrease in the concentrations of inositol and diacylglycerol (DAG), acting as messengers in various intracellular signaling mechanisms since the concentration of these substances is higher in bipolar patients and the decrease leads to symptomatic attenuation. There were also other important therapeutic effects, such as its role in suicide prevention, and in more recent studies, in neuroprotection and neuroplasticity, linked to dementia. The aim of this study was to carry out a review of the general literature on lithium, seeking information that highlights its necessary use in bipolar pharmacotherapy.
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