COVID-19, HIV Y TUBERCULOSIS: RIESGOS Y AMENAZA DE TRIPLE COINFECCIÓN
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47820/recima21.v3i1.1056Palabras clave:
Coinfección, COVID-19, HIV, Riesgos, TuberculosisResumen
El cruce de las enfermedades COVID-19, VIH y Tuberculosis en países con una alta carga de infecciones por VIH y TB presenta varios desafíos para la salud pública en el siglo 21, hasta ahora nunca descritos, es potencialmente fatal. Objetivo: evaluar los aspectos diagnósticos y pronósticos de los pacientes coinfectados con COVID-19, VIH y tuberculosis. Metodología: Se trata de un estudio integrador de revisión bibliográfica, descriptivo y cualitativo en las bases de datos Google Scholar, PubMed, SciELO y LILACS, utilizando los descriptores "COVID-19 y coinfección; COVID-19, VIH y Tuberculosis". Resultados: Se incluyeron seis artículos. La mayoría de los pacientes con coinfección triple eran varones, con una edad media de 43,5 años. Los síntomas más reportados fueron fiebre, tos, dolor de cabeza, mialgia y astergia. Los principales cambios de laboratorio incluyeron CD4 con niveles disminuidos, carga viral alta, linfopenia, trombocitopenia, hemoglobina con niveles disminuidos, niveles elevados de proteína C reactiva, aumento de la velocidad de hemosedimentación, elevación de D-dummy e hiperferritinemia. Fueron frecuentes los hallazgos de imágenes como infiltrados apicales izquierdos, opacidades irregulares perihiliares, cavitaciones, empiema pleural, vidrio esmerilado y opacidades nodulares. La letalidad fue del 2,6%. Conclusión: El presente estudio mostró que los casos de COVID-19 asociados con VIH/TB son más comunes en los hombres y se observó una tendencia de los pacientes coinfectados a evolucionar con condiciones moderadas o graves, incluida la necesidad de hospitalización.
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