PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF TOBACCO IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF PERIODONTAL DISEASE: A CLINICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS

Abstract

The cigarette has more than 4,000 chemicals, these come into direct contact with the oral cavity, and when the individual smokes, the substances are fixed in the mouth, causing various clinical and physiological changes in the oral cavity of the patient. This scientific article aimed to identify, through an integrative literature review, which pathophysiological changes in tobacco users in relation to periodontal development. This integrative literature review has a qualitative methodology, in the development of the following research question: What are the pathophysiological changes in tobacco users patients in the face of periodontal development? For this, the following electronic databases were used: U. S. National Library of Medicine (PubMed), Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), Cochrane Library, Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences (LILACS) and Science Direct. Two descriptors were used for the composition of the research key, the following (MeSH/DeCS): [(Tobacco Use Disorder) AND (Periodontal Diseases), (Smoking) AND (Periodontal Disease)]. Next, the researchers selected the papers with analysis in the title and abstract, based on the eligibility criteria. Smoking significantly impacts the level of 8-OHdG in gingival blood and total antioxidant capacity in venous blood. Gingival recession, loss of insertion, tooth loss and tooth mobility were the most identified clinical alterations. Further research is needed to evaluate the therapeutic potential in the administration of probiotics in patients with periodontal disease. The results of this study answered the guiding question.