FACTORES DE RIESGO E INTERVENCIONES EFICACES PARA EL SÍNDROME DE BURNOUT ENTRE LOS PROFESIONALES SANITARIOS: REVISIÓN BIBLIOGRÁFICA
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https://doi.org/10.47820/recima21.v5i6.5348Palabras clave:
Factores de riesgo. Intervenciones eficaces. Profesionales de la salud. Síndrome de Burnout. Prevención.Resumen
El síndrome de burnout, caracterizado por el agotamiento físico, emocional y mental, es frecuente entre los profesionales sanitarios debido a las elevadas exigencias y a la exposición continua al sufrimiento ajeno. Comprender los factores de riesgo y las intervenciones eficaces es crucial para mitigar sus efectos negativos. Objetivo: La revisión bibliográfica realizada en este estudio pretende abordar la evidencia reciente sobre los principales factores de riesgo y las intervenciones eficaces para el síndrome de burnout en profesionales sanitarios. Métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda sistemática de la literatura científica publicada entre 2009 y 2024 en las bases de datos PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus y Google Scholar. Se identificaron un total de 690 estudios, de los cuales 33 cumplían todos los criterios de inclusión y fueron analizados en detalle. Resultados y Discusión: La revisión reveló una alta prevalencia de burnout entre los profesionales sanitarios, con importantes factores de riesgo organizativos (sobrecarga de trabajo, falta de apoyo institucional) e individuales (perfeccionismo, baja resiliencia). Entre las intervenciones eficaces se encuentran la reestructuración de turnos, los programas de reconocimiento, las técnicas de mindfulness y el apoyo psicológico. La aplicación de estrategias de apoyo social y el uso de tecnologías de salud mental también han resultado prometedores. La integración de intervenciones organizativas e individuales es esencial para reducir los efectos del burnout. Conclusión: La prevención y el tratamiento del burnout requieren intervenciones polifacéticas que aborden tanto el entorno laboral como las necesidades personales de los profesionales sanitarios.
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