COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS BETWEEN GRAPHENE-BASED HYBRID VEHICLES WITH COMPOSITE GRAPHENE, BY APPLYING THE SAPEVO H2 METHOD
Abstract
Since its discovery in 2004, graphene has gained increasing industrial relevance, including applications in the automotive sector. However, an analysis of more than 120 articles indexed in Scopus between 2020 and 2024 shows that most studies focus only on isolated advantageous properties of graphene, without comparing similar parameters across vehicle applications. To address this gap, 15 studies were selected to support a comparative assessment of hybrid vehicles enhanced with graphene-based additives. The objective was to evaluate acquisition cost, fuel consumption and oil consumption using the SAPEVO-H² multicriteria decision method. A hypothetical scenario was modeled for four hybrid vehicles priced between R$120,000 and R$150,000, incorporating 0.1–0.3% graphene (by volume) into the coolant—resulting in a 6–8% increase in specific heat—and 0.15–0.20% graphene (by mass) into the engine oil—yielding a 33–39% reduction in friction coefficient. The analysis indicated that coolant performance had the highest relevance (44.6%), followed by acquisition cost (33.4%) and engine oil performance (22.0%). Among the alternatives, Vehicle 1 (R$120,000) was identified as the best option, while Vehicle 4 (R$150,000) was the least favorable.
Author Biographies
Department of Industrial Engineering of Fluminense Federal University / Department of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering of the Polythecnical School of the University of São Paulo. São Paulo – SP, Brazil.
Department of Industrial Engineering of Fluminense Federal University. Rio de Janeiro – RJ, Brazil.
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