ANÁLISIS COMPARATIVO ENTRE VEHÍCULOS HÍBRIDOS CON GRAFENO COMPUESTO, APLICANDO EL MÉTODO SAPEVO H2
Resumen
Desde su descubrimiento en 2004, el grafeno ha adquirido una creciente relevancia industrial, incluyendo aplicaciones en el sector automotriz. Sin embargo, un análisis de más de 120 artículos indexados en Scopus entre 2020 y 2024 muestra que la mayoría de los estudios se centran únicamente en propiedades ventajosas aisladas del grafeno, sin comparar parámetros similares en diferentes aplicaciones vehiculares. Para abordar esta deficiencia, se seleccionaron 15 estudios para respaldar una evaluación comparativa de vehículos híbridos mejorados con aditivos a base de grafeno. El objetivo fue evaluar el costo de adquisición, el consumo de combustible y el consumo de aceite mediante el método de decisión multicriterio SAPEVO-H². Se modeló un escenario hipotético para cuatro vehículos híbridos con precios entre R$120.000 y R$150.000, incorporando 0,1-0,3% de grafeno (por volumen) al refrigerante, lo que resulta en un aumento del 6-8% en el calor específico, y 0,15-0,20% de grafeno (por masa) al aceite del motor, lo que produce una reducción del 33-39% en el coeficiente de fricción. El análisis indicó que el rendimiento del refrigerante tuvo la mayor relevancia (44,6%), seguido del costo de adquisición (33,4%) y el rendimiento del aceite del motor (22,0%). Entre las alternativas, el Vehículo 1 (R$120.000) se identificó como la mejor opción, mientras que el Vehículo 4 (R$150.000) fue el menos favorable.
Biografía del autor/a
Department of Industrial Engineering of Fluminense Federal University / Department of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering of the Polythecnical School of the University of São Paulo. São Paulo – SP, Brazil.
Department of Industrial Engineering of Fluminense Federal University. Rio de Janeiro – RJ, Brazil.
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