DYSREGULATION OF microRNAs IN PATHOLOGICAL CANCER PROCESSES

Abstract

miRNAs are endogenous molecules of approximately 25 nucleotides, these molecules are transcribed by RNA polymerase II, after transcription, microRNAs are processed by an RNAse III called DROSHA and a double-tape RNA binding protein DGCR8; DICER is associated with TRBP protein (RNA-binding protein responsive to gene activation) in the duplex cleavage of miRNA, with the proteins of the RISC-induced silencing complex causing post-transcriptional negative regulation of the target mRNA. miRNAs are involved in various biological processes, such as regulation of homeostasis and differentiation of the hematopoietic lineage, and are also related to pathological processes such as cancer and various other diseases. This study is an integrative review, the databases consulted were the NCBI, VHL, SciELO, and reference list of the selected articles, 156 articles were downloaded and only 36 were included in the review, with articles in Portuguese and English; we used the PRISMA 2020 flowchart to screen the articles. The findings demonstrated a wide range of interactions driven by a broad spectrum of proteins, positive and negative regulation of miRNAs has been associated with various types of cancer, these molecules can act as oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes and have become an attractive target for therapeutic studies, which could guide more effective mechanisms based on clinical decision-making as a prognosis, diagnosis and even as a non-invasive procedure.