EFFECT OF SOCIAL DISCOUNT AND PRICE ON SUSTAINABLE CONSUMPTION

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47820/recima21.v4i3.2838

Keywords:

Sustainability, Social discount, Sustainable consumption

Abstract

This article aims to verify the social discount under the consumption of sustainable and unsustainable products. Forty psychology university students took part in this study. Data collection was conducted in three stages, with a 20-day gap between them. The activity consisted of 1) splitting an amount of R$ 1000.00 among eight people from a list of 50 fictional people. These people were number 1, 3, 5, 9, 23, and 50; 2) participants had to choose a gift between a sustainable and an unsustainable one, an instruction was displayed to inform that the sustainable gift is less harmful to the environment: Perfume, wine, mobile phone, book and t-shirt were used as products; and 3) in the third questionnaire, the price tag was presented  in the products, in which the sustainable products were 30% more expensive than its unsustainable substitutes, for the same products and instruction of questionnaire 2. The results showed that as people move themselves away, the lower the value divided with it, while for the product choice, the price variable had more effect on the choice than the sustainable information. It can be concluded that, from the point of view of behavior analysis, a change in cultural practices is necessary and that sustainable products should have prices like their unsustainable substitutes.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biographies

  • Amanda dos Santos Batista

    FIMCA - Faculdades Integradas Aparício Carvalho.

  • Kézia Raiane Ribeiro Pimenta

    Graduada em psicologia, psicóloga clínica - FACULDADES INTEGRADAS APARÍCIO CARVALHO - FIMCA.

  • Cristiano de Almeida Fernandes

    Graduado em psicologia, mestrando no PPG/UNIR, Professor nas faculdades FIMCA e Centro Universitário São Lucas.

  • Reginaldo Pedroso

    Pós-doutorado em psicologia, professor adjunto / UNIR - Universidade Federal de Rondônia.

References

Almeida, W. S. et. al. (2020) Mudanças nas condições socioeconômicas e de saúde dos brasileiros durante a pandemia de COVID-19. Revista Brasileira de Epidemiologia, v. 23. Doi.org/10.1590/1980-549720200105.

Baum, W. M. (1974). On two types of deviation from the matching law: bias and undermatching. Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior, 22, 231-242. Doi: 10.1901/jeab.1974.22-231.

Bauman, Z. (2001). Globalização: as consequências humanas. Rio de Janeiro: Jorge Zahar Ed., 1999.

Brundtland, G. H. (Org.). Nosso futuro comum. Rio de Janeiro: FGV, 1987.

Carson, R. T., & Tran, R. B. (2009). Discounting behavior and environmental decision. Journal of Neuroscience, Psychology, and Economics, 2(2), 112-130. Doi:10.1037/a0017685.

Coelho, C. Hanna, E. S., & Todorov, C. J. (2003). Magnitude, Atraso e Probabilidade de Reforço em Situações Hipotéticas de Risco. Psicologia: teoria e pesquisa: Brasília, 2003. Vol. 19 n. 3, pp. 269-278. Doi.org/10.1590/S0102-37722003000300009.

Foxall, G. (1990). Consumer psychology in behavioral perspective. Washington, DC: Beard Books, 244p.

Gelino, B. W., Erath, T. G., & Reed, D. D. (2021). Going green: A systematic review of proenvironmental empirical research in behavior analysis. Behavior and Social Issues, 1-25. Doi:10.1007/s42822-020-00043-x.

Glenn, S. S. (2004). Individual behavior, culture, and social change. The Behavior analyst, 27(2), 133-155. Doi: 10.1007/BF03393175.

Grandisoli, E., Jacobi, P. R., & Souza, D. T. P. (2020). Educar para a sustentabilidade: visões de presente e futuro. IEA-IEE-USP, 2020.

Groom, B., Drupp, M. A., Freeman, M. C., & Nesje, F. (2022). The Future, Now: A Review of Social Discounting. Annual Review of Resource Economics, 14. Doi:10.1146/annurev-resource-111920-020721.

Herrnstein, R. J. (1970). On the Law of Effect. Journal of Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 13, 243-266. Doi: 10.1901/jeab.1970.13-243.

Herrnstein, R.J. (1961). Relative and absolute strength of response as a function of frequency of reinforcement. Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior, 4, 267-272. Doi.org/10.1901/jeab.1961.4-267.

Hirsh, J. L.; Costello, M. S. & Fuqua, R. W. (2015). Analysis of Delay Discounting as a Psychological Measure of Sfustainable Behavior. Behavior and Social Issues, 24, 187-202. doi:10.5210/bsi.v.24i0.5906.

Jacobi, P. R. (1999). Meio ambiente e sustentabilidade. In O município no século XXI: cenários e perspectivas. São Paulo: CEPAM.

Jacobi, P. R. (2005). Educação ambiental o desafio da construção de um pensamento crítico, complexo e reflexivo. Educação e Pesquisa (USP), São Paulo, 31, 234-250. Doi.org/10.1590/S1517-97022005000200007.

Jones B., & Rachlin, H. (2006). Social Discounting. Psychological Science, 17(4),283-286. Doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9280.2006.01699.x.

Katz, A. (2019). Social Discounting of Clean Water and Environmental Sustainability. Theses, Southern Illinois University Carbondale.

Lehman, P. K., & Geller, E. S. (2004). Behavior analysis and environmental protection: Accomplishments and potential for more. Behavior and Social Issues, 13(1), 13–32. Doi.org/10.5210/bsi.v13i1.33.

Mazur, J. E. (1984). Tests of an equivalence rule for fixed and variable reinforcer delays. Jounal of Experimental Psichology: Animal Beahvior Processes, 10, 426-436. Doi.org/10.1037/0097-7403.10.4.426.

Mazur, J. E. (1986). Choice between single and multiple delayed reinforcers. Jornal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 46, 67-77. Doi: 10.1901/jeab.1986.46-67.

Mazur, J. E. (1987). An adjusting procedure for studying delayed reinforcement. In. Commons, M. L., Mazur, J. E., Nevin, J. A., & Rachlin, H (Eds.), Quantitative Analysis of Behavior: Vol 5. The Effect of Delay and Intervening Events on Reinforcement Value (pp. 55–73). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

Mazur, J. E. (1997). Choice, delay, probability, and conditioned reinforcement. Animal Learning & Behavior, 25 (2) 131-147.

Moreira, M. B., & Medeiros, C. A. (2012). Princípios básicos de análise do comportamento. 2. ed. Porto Alegre; Artmed, 2007.

Odum, A. L. (2011). Delay discounting: I’m a k, you’re a k. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 96, 427-439. Doi:10.1901/jeab.2011.96-423.

Oliveira-Castro, J. M., & Foxall, G. (2005). Análise do comportamento do consumidor. Em Abreu-Rodrigues, J. & Ribeiro, M. R (Org.), Análise do comportamento: Pesquisa, Teoria e Pratica. (pp. 283-304). Porto Alegre: ArtMéd, 304p.

Oliveira-Castro, J. M., Foxall, G. R., & Schrezenmaier, T. C. S. (2006). Consumer brand choice: individual and group analyses of demand elasticity. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of behvior, 85, 147–166. Doi: 10.1901/jeab.2006.51-04.

Ostaszewski, P., & Karzel, K. (2002). Discounting of delayed and probabilistic losses of different amounts. European Psychologist, 7, 295–301. Doi: 10.1002/jeab.56.

Paulista, G., Varvakis, G., & Filho, M. G (2008). Espaço emocional e indicadores de sustentabilidade. Ambiente & sociedade, Campinas. 2008, v. XI, n. 1, p. 185-200. Doi.org/10.1590/S1414-753X2008000100013.

Pedroso, R. & Winder, L. A. (2009). Lei da igualação: do laboratório para o estudo do comportamento de escolha em ambiente natural. Psicologia IESB, 1 (2), 46-57.

Pedroso, R. Coelho, C. (2020). Análise do comportamental do desenvolvimento sustentável: uma contradição com a cultura vigente. Imagine publicações, Fortaleza. 2020, v. 2, p. 155-175.

Pedroso, R. (2016). Valor subjetivo do consumo sustentável. Tese (doutorado em psicologia) - pontifícia, Universidade Católica de Goiás, 2016.

Pereira, A. G., & Afonso, L. E. (2022). Desconto hiperbólico e efeito magnitude nas decisões intertemporais? Evidências de uma survey com escolhas monetárias. Innovar, 32(84). Doi.org/10.15446/innovar.v32n84.99678.

Pol, E. (2003). A gestão ambiental, novo desafio para a psicologia do desenvolvimento sustentável. Estudos de psicologia, Universidade de Barcelona. 2003, v. 8, n. 2, pp. 235-243. Doi.org/10.1590/S1413-294X2003000200005.

Polasky, S., & Dampha, N. K. (2021). Discounting and Global Environmental Change. Annu. Rev. Environ. Resour. 46:691–717. Doi.org/10.1146/annurev-environ-020420-042100.

Rachlin, H. (1970). Introduction to modern behaviorism. San Francisco: W. H. Freeman and Co.

Rachlin, H. (1990). Why do people gamble and keep gambling despite heavy losses? Psychological Science, 1, 294-297. Doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.1990.tb00220.x.

Rachlin, H. (2006). Notes on discounting. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 85, 425-435. Doi: 10.1901/jeab.2006.85-05.

Rachlin, H. Raineri, A. Cross, D. (1991). Subjective probability and delay. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 55, 233 – 244. Doi: 10.1901/jeab.1991.55-233.

Rachlin, H., & Jones, B. (2007). Social discounting and delay discounting. Journal of Behavioral Decision Making, 21, 29-43. Doi.org/10.1002/bdm.567.

Rachlin, H., Brown, J., & Cross, J. (2000). Discounting in judgments of delay and probability. Journal of Behavioral Decision Making, 13, 145-159. Doi:10.1002/(SICI)1099-0771(200004/06)13:23.0.CO;2-4.

Rachlin, H., Logue, A. W., Gibbon, J., & Frankel, M. (1986). Cognition and behavior in studies of choice. Psychological Review, 93, 33-45. Doi:10.1037/0033-295X.93.1.33.

Rachlin, H., Raineri, A., & Cross, D. (1991). Subjective probability and delay. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 55, 233–244. Doi: 10.1901/jeab.1991.55-233.

Romeiro, A. R. (2012). Desenvolvimento sustentável: uma perspectiva econômico-ecológica. Estudos Avançados [online], v. 26, n. 74 , pp. 65-92.

Sampaio, A. A. S., & Andery, M. A. P. A. (2010). Comportamento Social, Produção Agregada e Prática Cultural: Uma Análise Comportamental de Fenômenos Sociais. Psicologia: Teoria e Pesquisa, vol. 26 n. 1, pp. 183-192. Doi.org/10.1590/S0102-37722010000100020.

Simon, C. J., Warner, J. T., & Pleeter, S. (2015). Discounting, cognition, and financial awareness: New evidence from a change in the military retirement system. Economic Inquiry, 53(1), 318-334. https://doi.org/10.1111/ecin.12146.

Skinner, B. F. (1950). Are theories of learning necessary? Psychological Review, 57, 193-216. Doi: 10.1037/h0054367.

Skinner, B. F. (1957). Verbal behavior Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.

Skinner, B. F. (1982). Sobre o Behaviorismo. São Paulo: Cultrix.

Todorov, J. C., & Hanna, E. (2005). Quantificação de escolhas e preferencias. In, Abreu-Rodrigues, J. & M. Ribeiro. Análise do comportamento: Pesquisa, teoria e aplicação. São Paulo, Artmed.

Todorov, J. C. (1982). Matching and bias in concurrent performances: effects of asymmetrical changeover delays. Revista Mexicana de Análisis de La Conducta, 8, 39-45.

Todorov, J. C. (2012a). Contingências de Seleção Cultural. Revista Brasileira de Análise do Comportamento, vol. 8, n. 2,95-105. Doi:10.18542/rebac.v8i2.1315.

Veblen, T. (1965). A teoria da classe ociosa. São Paulo: Pioneira.

Wille, F., & Lange, F. (2022). Potential Contributions of Behavior Analysis to Research on Pro-environmental Behavior. Frontiers in Psychology, 13. Doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.685621.

Zanitrato, H. S., & Rotondaro, T. (2016). Consumo, um dos dilemas da sustentabilidade. Estudos Avançados [online]. 2016, v. 30, n. 88, pp. 77-92. Doi.org/10.1590/S0103-40142016.30880007.

Zhu, X., & Weikard, H. P. (2003). Discounting and environmental quality. In 12th annual EAERE conference, Spain Environmental Economics & Management Memorandum Chair Lhoist Berghmans in Environmental Economics and Management Center for Operations Research & Econometrics (CORE) Université catholique de Louvain (UCL) Voie du Roman Pays (Vol. 34).

Published

13/03/2023

How to Cite

EFFECT OF SOCIAL DISCOUNT AND PRICE ON SUSTAINABLE CONSUMPTION. (2023). RECIMA21 - Revista Científica Multidisciplinar - ISSN 2675-6218, 4(3), e432838. https://doi.org/10.47820/recima21.v4i3.2838