BACTERIAL VAGINOSIS IN PREGNANT WOMEN: IMPACT ON MATERNAL AND FETAL HEALTH

Abstract

Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is prevalent during pregnancy, affecting maternal and fetal health. Studies relate its incidence in pregnant women ranging from 5% to 30%. Complications include premature birth, premature rupture of membranes (ROM) and neonatal risks, indicating the importance of understanding and intervening in this context. Objective: This review seeks to provide a comprehensive view of the clinical, epidemiological and therapeutic aspects of bacterial vaginosis in pregnant women, as well as its potential implications for maternal-fetal health. Methodology: The methodology includes the review of studies published in the last 10 years, selected by specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results and Discussion: Pathophysiological mechanisms indicate that imbalances in the vaginal microbiota may contribute to obstetric complications, such as premature birth and ROM. Studies show a variation in the prevalence of BV, associated with obstetric complications and an increased risk of postpartum infections. Long-term impacts include adverse neonatal conditions such as childhood asthma and neurobehavioral disorders. Final Considerations: BV is linked to significant perinatal complications, highlighting the need for early identification and effective therapeutic strategies. Alternative therapies, such as probiotics and vaginal microbiota, appear promising in the face of antibiotic resistance. Educational and early screening strategies are crucial for timely interventions and minimization of perinatal risks, highlighting the urgency of in-depth research to improve gestational and neonatal outcomes.