DEPRESSION IN THE ELDERLY: CONTRIBUTING FACTORS AND THERAPEUTIC INTERVENTIONS - A LITERATURE REVIEW
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47820/recima21.v5i6.5383Keywords:
Depression in the elderly. Contributing factors. Therapeutic interventions. Prevalence. Treatment.Abstract
Depression in the elderly is a significant public health problem, affecting 10% to 15% of this population globally. Biological, psychological, and social factors, including neurochemical changes, significant losses, and social isolation, aggravated by chronic comorbidities, contribute to this picture. Objective: This article aims to conduct a literature review on the factors contributing to depression in the elderly and the most effective therapeutic interventions. Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted in databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar, covering publications from 2004 to 2024. Inclusion criteria included original studies and reviews on depression in the elderly, in English, Portuguese or Spanish. Case reports, editorials, and studies focused on other medical conditions were excluded. Results and Discussion: The prevalence of depression in the elderly is influenced by socioeconomic conditions, social support, and physical health. Biological factors include neurochemical and hormonal changes, while psychological factors encompass significant losses and physical and cognitive decline. Social isolation is a critical factor. Chronic comorbidities aggravate the risk of depression and complicate treatment. Pharmacological interventions, such as antidepressants, are effective but require careful management. Psychosocial therapies, such as cognitive behavioral therapy and reminiscence therapy, are essential, as are social support programs and community activities. Conclusion: Depression in the elderly requires a multifaceted and integrated approach, combining pharmacological and psychosocial treatments with social support. Public health policies should promote the mental health of the elderly, investing in social support programs and training of specialized professionals.
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