THE PREVALENCE OF PERIODONTAL DISEASE IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE 1 AND 2 DIABETES MELLITUS: A LITERATURE REVIEW

Abstract

The relationship between Diabetes Mellitus and Periodontal Disease is scientifically evidenced. The data published in the literature on Diabetes Mellitus and Periodontal Disease consider numerous variables such as age, gender, location, among others. Diabetes Mellitus is defined as a metabolic alteration indicated by hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia, as well as a syndrome characterized by relative or absolute absence of insulin. Periodontal disease is described as an infection caused by gram-negative bacteria involving the causative agent, immune response, and environmental agent. Both pathologies are chronic diseases that can eventually affect the same individual, requiring a multidisciplinary intervention to be carried out in order to be controlled. This study aimed to present and discuss, through a bibliographic survey, the prevalence of periodontal disease in patients with Diabetes Mellitus, searching the literature for options and forms of treatment. The bibliographic search was performed in Pubmed databases, using the descriptors: "diabetes"; "periodontal disease"; "periodontitis and diabetes" as well as the corresponding terms in English. We selected papers published between 2018 and 2022, in Portuguese and English, available in full. From the above, it can be concluded that Periodontal Disease and Diabetes Mellitus seem to have a bidirectional relationship, and have been increasingly studied in recent decades. Diabetes Mellitus has a detrimental effect on Periodontal Disease, increasing its prevalence, extent and severity. In turn, periodontitis negatively affects glycemic control and the course of diabetes.