OBESITY TRENDS IN BRAZIL AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP WITH CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47820/recima21.v6i4.6350Keywords:
Obesity, Cardiovascular diseases, EpidemiologyAbstract
Obesity is a serious public health problem in Brazil, with alarming growth and a direct impact on the increase in cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Changes in eating patterns, such as excessive consumption of ultra-processed foods, combined with a sedentary lifestyle, are the main factors in this epidemic. Obesity affects all ages, with a significant increase among children and adolescents, increasing the risk of cardiovascular complications in adulthood. This study analyzed the relationship between obesity and CVD in Brazil (2020-2024), using data from the Hospital Information System (SIH/DATASUS). The results showed an increase in obesity-related hospitalizations and deaths, reinforcing the link between excess weight and cardiovascular risk. Women were the most affected, possibly due to hormonal and behavioral factors. The Southeast region led the way in terms of cases, reflecting its high population density and inequalities in access to healthcare. The mechanisms linking obesity and CVD include insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, chronic inflammation and ventricular hypertrophy. The accumulation of visceral fat triggers the release of inflammatory substances, accelerating processes such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, heart attacks and strokes. Obesity also increases sodium and water retention, raising blood pressure.There is an urgent need to adopt strategies to prevent and control obesity, reducing the impact of CVDs. Public policies that promote nutritional education, physical activity and regulate the food environment are essential. A multidisciplinary approach, with early diagnosis and appropriate treatment, can reduce cardiovascular complications. Coordinated actions are essential to tackle obesity and improve the health of the Brazilian population.
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